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2005–06 NCAA football bowl games - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

2005–06 NCAA football bowl gamesFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation,search2005 – 06NCAA football bowl gamesNumber of bowl games per state.Season2005Regular seasonSeptember 1–December 3Number of Bowls28All-Star Games5Bowl gamesDecember 20, 2005 –January 4, 2006National Championship2006 Rose BowlLocation of ChampionshipRose Bowl Stadium,Pasadena, CaliforniaChampionsTexas LonghornsBowl Challenge Cup Winner(tie) Big 12 and ACCConference Bowl RecordsConferenceBowlTeamsRecord%Teams inAP PollACC85–30.6255    Big 1285–30.6254    Big Ten73–40.4293    SEC63–30.5005    Conference USA63–30.5000    Pac-1053–20.6004    Mountain West42–20.5001    Big East41–30.2502    WAC31–20.3330    Independents21–10.5001    MAC21–10.5001    Sun Belt10–10.0000    College Football Bowl Games?2004–052006–07?The 2005-06 NCAA college football bowl season was a series of 28 post-season games (including the Bowl Championship Series) that was played in December 2005 and January 2006 for Division I-A football teams and all-stars from Divisions I-AA, II, and III, as well as from the NAIA. The post-season began with the New Orleans Bowl on December 20, 2005, and concluded with the Senior Bowl, played on January 28, 2006.Contents1 Minor (Non-BCS) Bowls1.1 New Orleans Bowl1.2 GMAC Bowl1.3 Las Vegas Bowl1.4 Poinsettia Bowl1.5 Fort Worth Bowl1.6 Hawaii Bowl1.7 Motor City Bowl1.8 Champs Sports Bowl1.9 Insight Bowl1.10 MPC Computers Bowl1.11 Alamo Bowl1.12 Emerald Bowl1.13 Music City Bowl1.14 Sun Bowl1.15 Independence Bowl1.16 Meineke Car Care Bowl1.17 Liberty Bowl1.18 Houston Bowl2 Non-BCS New Year's Day Bowls2.1 Holiday Bowl2.2 Peach Bowl2.3 Outback Bowl2.4 Cotton Bowl Classic2.5 Gator Bowl2.6 Capital One Bowl3 Bowl Championship Series games3.1 Fiesta Bowl3.2 Sugar Bowl3.3 Orange Bowl3.4 Rose Bowl Game4 Non-All-Star Game Bowl Summary4.1 Conference standings4.2 All-Bowl Teams4.3 Top Individual Bowl Performances4.4 Top Team Bowl Performances5 All-Star Games5.1 Magnolia Gridiron All-Star Classic5.2 Las Vegas All-American Classic5.3 East-West Shrine Game5.4 Hula Bowl5.5 Senior Bowl6 Related links7 References8 External links[edit] Minor (Non-BCS) BowlsNumber of bowl-going teams per state.With 64 teams' having winning records, and 56 slots in bowl games, there were more teams than slots available for teams to get a bowl bid. Again, as in 2004, two conferences — the Pac 10 and the SEC — did not have enough teams to fill the required number of slots for their non-BCS bowls. A third conference — the Big Ten — had two teams in the BCS (Penn State as the conference champion, and Ohio State meeting Notre Dame in the Fiesta Bowl January 2.) The biggest beneficiary this year was the ACC, which replaced the SEC at the Music City Bowl (Virginia) and the Pac-10 (Georgia Tech) at the Emerald Bowl; Conference USA also gained a slot, sending Memphis to the Motor City Bowl. Unlike last year, where a fighting incident during the game between Clemson and South Carolina led each team to impose a post-season ban, no school forfeited post-season play this year.While the number of bowls had remained constant for three years, the NCAA approved three additional bowl games to be played in 2006-07, the most notable in Toronto, Ontario, called the International Bowl, which became the first post-season college football game to be held outside the USA since the Bacardi Bowl in Cuba (last played in 1937); the Hawai?i Bowl is the only current game played outside the contiguous 48 states. In addition, two additional games - the Papajohns.com Bowl in Birmingham, Alabama and the New Mexico Bowl in Albuquerque, New Mexico were added, and two additional at-large bowl spots opened in the Bowl Championship Series, which added a fifth game, a stand-alone national championship game. These moves, along with the addition of a permanent 12-game regular season schedule, aimed at ameliorating the surplus of bowl-eligible teams experienced in recent years, allowing more teams with winning records to partake in season-ending football trips.The eight teams with winning records that did not get bowl bids were Louisiana Tech (7-4) from the WAC, MAC teams Miami (Ohio) (7-4), Bowling Green (6-5), Western Michigan (7-4), Northern Illinois (7-5) and Central Michigan (6-5), Mountain West representative New Mexico (6-5) and the Sun Belt's Louisiana-Lafayette (6-5). Four teams made their Division I-A bowl debuts — Arkansas State (Sun Belt, New Orleans Bowl at Lafayette), South Florida (Big East, Meineke Car Care Bowl), Central Florida (C-USA, Hawaii Bowl) and Akron (MAC, Motor City Bowl). Akron, notably, had been the only bowl-eligible team willing to accept an invitation to be left out of the 2004 bowl games. However, none of the teams benefitted from "beginner's luck", as each lost its game.Participants in non-BCS bowls are selected on the basis of conference tie-ins. All bowl payouts are given in US dollars.[edit] New Orleans BowlMain article: 2005 New Orleans BowlSouthern Mississippi 31, Arkansas State 19The New Orleans Bowl is usually one of two bowls that are played at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana. Due to Hurricane Katrina, the 2005 game was played on December 20 in Lafayette, Louisiana at Cajun Field on the campus of the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. C-USA's Southern Mississippi returned and defended their title as they defeated the Sun Belt Conference champion Arkansas State, 31-19. The Golden Eagles were led by quarterback Dustin Almond, who threw for 235 yards and two touchdowns, and running back Cody Hull, who added 161 yards rushing and one touchdown on 37 carries. Special teams play helped the Indians to stay close, with kicker Eric Neihouse kicking a 44-yard field goal and two extra points, and with the team forcing a safety on an attempted Southern Miss punt.[edit] GMAC BowlMain article: 2005 GMAC BowlToledo 45, UTEP 13The GMAC Bowl at Ladd Peebles Stadium in Mobile, Alabama took place on December 21, 2005. Toledo, representing the Mid-American Conference, defeated C-USA's UTEP Miners 45-13. In his last game for the Rockets, quarterback Bruce Gradkowski threw for five touchdowns and 298 yards. Seven of the Miners' 13 points came off the leg of kicker Reagan Schneider, with Johnnie Lee Higgins' catching the only touchdown of the day for UTEP to account for the rest of the scoring.[edit] Las Vegas BowlMain article: 2005 Las Vegas BowlCalifornia 35, BYU 28The Las Vegas Bowl at Sam Boyd Stadium, located about eight miles from the campus of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas in the eponymous city, was the first game of two to be played on December 22, 2005. In the first matchup of the bowl season to pit a BCS conference team against a non-BCS conference team, California, from the Pac-10, beat Mountain West representative BYU, 35-28. Golden Bears running back Marshawn Lynch, voted the game's most valuable player, ran for 194 yards and three touchdowns on just 24 carries, as California took a 35-14 lead into the fourth quarter before the Cougars recorded two late touchdowns off the arm of quarterback John Beck to make the final victory less decisive.[edit] Poinsettia BowlMain article: 2005 Poinsettia BowlNavy 51, Colorado State 30The inaugural Poinsettia Bowl at Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego, California was also played on December 22 when independent Navy beat the Mountain West's Colorado State, 51-30. Bringing the nation's number one-ranked rushing offense against the nation's 105th ranked rushing defense, the Midshipmen broke the game open in the second quarter, when running back Reggie Campbell scored two of his NCAA bowl record-tying five touchdowns; he finished with 116 yards rushing, 89 yards receiving, and 85 yards returning. Quarterback Justin Holland led the Rams in a losing effort, throwing for 381 yards and three touchdowns in completing 79% of his passes.[edit] Fort Worth BowlMain article: 2005 Fort Worth BowlKansas 42, Houston 13The Fort Worth Bowl at Amon G. Carter Stadium on the campus of Texas Christian University in Fort Worth, Texas was contested December 23, 2005. Kansas, from the Big 12, who qualified on the last Saturday in November for a bowl game, defeated Houston from C-USA, 42-13, thanks to Jason Swanson's four touchdown passes. Running back Jon Cornish paced the Jayhawks with 101 rushing yards on just 16 carries, while the defense pressured Cougars quarterback Kevin Kolb into three interceptions, also sacking him twice. After this season, the Bowl got a new sponsor in Bell Helicopters as well as a new name in the "Armed Forces Bowl", and started to invite a MWC teams to challenge the C-USA team as part of a rotation with the Pac 10.[edit] Hawaii BowlMain article: 2005 Hawaii BowlNevada 49, Central Florida 48 (overtime)The Hawaii Bowl at Aloha Stadium in Honolulu, Hawai?i was played on December 24, 2005. For the first time since the game was first contested in 2002, the Hawai?i Warriors did not play in this game, as they had a losing record in 2005, disqualifying them from bowl eligibility. Nevada, the WAC co-champion, beat C-USA's Central Florida, 49-48, as Golden Knights kicker Matt Prater missed an extra point in overtime, sealing a defeat for UCF, who was playing in its first ever bowl game, having gone winless as recently as 2004. Each team gained over 550 yards, and each had three players average better than five yards per carry; freshman running back Kevin Smith led the Golden Knights with 202 yards and three touchdowns on 29 carries, while running backs B.J. Mitchell and Robert Hubbard combined to gain 304 yards on 38 carries, also adding five touchdowns.[edit] Motor City BowlMain article: 2005 Motor City BowlMemphis 38, Akron 31The Motor City Bowl at Ford Field in Detroit, Michigan was played on December 26, 2005. C-USA member Memphis, behind the running of DeAngelo Williams, who set an NCAA Division I-A record with his 34th career 100-yard game, defeated MAC champion Akron, 38-31, preventing the Zips from winning in their first-ever Division I-A Bowl Game. Akron quarterback Luke Getsy starred in his team's loss to the Tigers, setting a bowl record with 455 yards passing and tying another with four touchdowns.[edit] Champs Sports BowlMain article: 2005 Champs Sports BowlClemson 19, Colorado 10The Champs Sports Bowl, the first of two games played at Citrus Bowl Stadium in Orlando, Florida, was contested on December 27, 2005. ACC representative Clemson scored with less than two minutes remaining to ensure a 19-10 win against Big 12 representative Colorado, which was trying to a win after having lost its previous two games by a combined score of 100-6 and after having seen coach Gary Barnett fired just weeks before the bowl game. Clemson quarterback Charlie Whitehurst, playing with a sore shoulder, completed 22 of 30 passes for 210 yards and running back James Davis added 149 yards on 28 carries as the Tigers outgained the Buffaloes by 239 yards, surrendering only one touchdown, a Brian White pass to Quinn Sypniewski. Starting in 2006, a Big Ten team was invited to take the place of the Big 12.[edit] Insight BowlMain article: 2005 Insight BowlArizona State 45, Rutgers 40The Insight Bowl at Chase Field, home to Major League Baseball's Arizona Diamondbacks, in Phoenix,basket jordan, Arizona, was played as well on December 27. Pac-10 representative Arizona State, in what was a de facto home game, finally broke open a back-and-forth, sloppy affair (the teams combined for nineteen penalties) in the fourth quarter and then held off a comeback attempt, defeating Big East representative Rutgers, 45-40. In the final Insight Bowl to be played at the stadium formerly known as Bank One Ballpark, Sun Devils quarterback Rudy Carpenter threw for 467 yards and four touchdowns, two to senior wide receiver Matt Miller, who finished with five catches for 135 yards. The Scarlet Knights, playing in their first bowl since 1978, when they appeared in the Garden State Bowl against Arizona State, were paced by quarterback Ryan Hart's three touchdowns and 376 passing yards, and by kicker Jeremy Ito, who recorded four field goals, two from beyond 48 yards, and four extra points. The two teams combined for 1,211 yards of offense, a record for any bowl game. Beginning next season, the Big Ten and Big 12 would send teams to the contest, which will be played on the ASU campus at Sun Devil Stadium.[edit] MPC Computers BowlMain article: 2005 MPC Computers BowlBoston College 27, Boise State 21The MPC Computers Bowl at Bronco Stadium in Boise, Idaho was the first game of two that were played on December 28, 2005. Though playing at home on its blue "Smurf Turf", where it held a 31-game winning streak, WAC co-champion Boise State was unable to get its usually potent offense untracked early, falling behind ACC rep Boston College by 24 at halftime before losing, 27-21. Sophomore quarterback Matt Ryan led the way for the Eagles, throwing for 262 yards and three touchdowns, two to junior wide receiver Tony Gonzalez and one to senior Will Blackmon, who led all receivers with 144 yards on just five catches. The Broncos were held scoreless by the Boston College defense for the first 43:46 of the game and hindered their own efforts with three turnovers and eight penalties. Playing their final game under coach Dan Hawkins, who would coach Colorado next season, Boise State essayed a late comeback, with junior quarterback Jared Zabransky throwing for one touchdown (a 53-yarder to Drisan James) and running for another. Junior Quinton Jones brought Boise State to within six when he took a Johnny Ayers punt 92 yards for a touchdown with less than four minutes to play in the game, but Boise State's last drive from midfield with less than two minutes stalled and Zabransky threw an end-zone interception to seal the Eagles' win. Boston College thus extended its NCAA-best bowl winning streak to six games, and also ran the BCS conferences' record to 3-0 against non-BCS teams this bowl season.[edit] Alamo BowlMain article: 2005 Alamo BowlNebraska 32, Michigan 28The Alamo Bowl at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas was the second game played on December 28. In a battle of perennial powerhouses, Nebraska, returning to post-season play after a one-year absence, overcame an 11-point Michigan lead in the final 8:09 of the game to win, 32-28. The Big 12's Cornhuskers were buoyed by the play of senior running back Cory Ross, who carried 28 times for 161 yards and a touchdown. Though he was intercepted twice, quarterback Zac Taylor managed an efficient game, completing only 14 passes but for 167 yards and three touchdowns. In defeat for the Big Ten's Wolverines, quarterback Chad Henne used his arm (230 yards passing, three touchdowns) and legs (fourth-quarter rushing touchdown) to give Michigan a 28-17 lead, taking advantage of excellent field position provided by kickoff returners Steve Breaston and Carl Tabb II, who averaged 35 yards per return. Nebraska rallied, though, scoring two touchdowns and adding a two-point conversion on two three-play drives each of under 40 yards. The game’s final play was a Henne pass to wide receiver Jason Avant, which the Wolverines followed by eight laterals, eventually reaching the Nebraska 17-yard-line; the play brought to mind the 1982 Stanford-California game in which, similarly, players from each team streamed onto the field during the last play, thinking the game to be over, and much of the blame for the confusion was later assessed to the officials, who were provided by the Sun Belt Conference. It also brought to mind the 2002 Kentucky-LSU game as Nebraska players gave their coach the Gatorade dunk before the final play had ended. Though the two offenses combined to score 60 points, neither was superb; Michigan averaged only 4.1 yards per play, committed three turnovers, and allowed five sacks, while Nebraska was only marginally better, gaining an average of 4.6 yards per play, committing two turnovers, and also allowing five sacks. The loss meant that the Michigan, who began the season ranked fourth in Associated Press writers' and USA Today coaches’ polls, would finish the year with a record of 7-5 and unranked in both polls. The Cornhuskers finished 24th in the writer's and coach's polls with a record of 8-4.[edit] Emerald BowlMain article: 2005 Emerald BowlUtah 38, Georgia Tech 10The Emerald Bowl at SBC Park (now known as AT&T Park), usually the home of Major League Baseball's San Francisco Giants in San Francisco, California was played on December 29, 2005. The MWC's Utah, which last year became the first school from a non-BCS conference to appear in a BCS bowl, jumped out to a 20-0 lead and played well throughout to defeat the ACC's Georgia Tech, 38-10. Utes junior transfer quarterback Brett Ratliff, filling in for Brian Johnson, who suffered a season-ending knee injury November 12, played superbly, completing 30 of 41 passes for 381 yards and four touchdowns and a two-point conversion, compiling a pass efficiency rating of 112.9, bringing to mind the performance of Utah quarterback Alex Smith in the 2005 Fiesta Bowl. All of Ratliff's scoring throws went to senior wide receiver Travis LaTendresse, who finished with 16 catches for 214 yards after averaging fewer than five catches per game during the regular season. Running back Quinton Ganther added 120 yards, many as the Utes ran out the clock in the fourth quarter, and a back-breaking 41-yard touchdown with 8:34 to play. Yellow Jackets running back P.J. Daniels exploited the Utah defense for 108 yards on 20 carries, but quarterback Reggie Ball played an uneven game, completing only 47 percent of his passes and throwing two interceptions, one of which came at the Utah 21-yard-line and was returned 45 yards to end a Georgia Tech scoring chance, to just one touchdown. After the Utes recorded three touchdowns in the first 16:02 of the game, Ball brought the Yellow Jackets to within ten at the half, but was unable to make consistent progress the rest of the game, finding star wide receiver Calvin Johnson only twice for 19 yards. Georgia Tech took a slot normally reserved for the Pac-10, which failed to qualify enough teams for bowl eligibility. Utah became the first non-BCS school to defeat a BCS-conference team this bowl season.[edit] Music City BowlMain article: 2005 Music City BowlVirginia 34, Minnesota 31The Music City Bowl at The Coliseum in Nashville, Tennessee was the first of four games played on December 30, 2005. Virginia, representing the ACC in a slot forfeited by the SEC, which failed to qualify enough teams for bowl eligibility, came back from a second-quarter 14-point deficit to drive for a game-winning field goal with 1:08 to play, ultimately defeating the Big Ten's Minnesota, 34-31. The Cavaliers were paced by quarterback Marques Hagans, who threw for 359 yards and two touchdowns, and running back Wali Lundy, who ran for only 60 yards but added two touchdowns, including a game-tying score on a 72-yard drive with less than 10 minutes to go in the game. Golden Gophers quarterback Bryan Cupito shined in defeat, completing 65 percent of his passes for 267 yards and four touchdowns (including two to wide receiver Jared Ellerson), as Minnesota took a 21-7 lead with less than seven minutes to go in the second quarter. Virginia kicker Connor Hughes added a field goal as the half ended to bring the Cavaliers within 11, and he came through again with a 39-yarder to give Virginia the lead for good; Hughes finished with ten points. Although Minnesota finished with a nearly seven-minute edge in time of possession, thanks in part to the running of Laurence Maroney and Gary Russell, who combined for 190 yards on 49 carries, and to forcing two Virginia turnovers in the fourth quarter, the Golden Gopher defense allowed the Wahoos to drive from their own three-yard line to record the final field goal and break the tie. Cupito led a last-minute drive for Minnesota, crossing midfield with 37 seconds to go before throwing an end-zone interception that allowed Virginia to run out the clock.[edit] Sun BowlMain article: 2005 Sun BowlUCLA 50, Northwestern 38The Sun Bowl at the eponymous stadium in El Paso, Texas was the second game of four that were played on December 30, and matched Big Ten (Northwestern) and Pac-10 (UCLA) teams for the only time this bowl season; the Bruins upended the Wildcats, 50-38, to finish the season with a 10-2 record. While the game was the scoring showcase expected, especially in the first half, when the teams combined for a Sun Bowl-record 51 points, each team departed in several areas from its typical play, making for a game of surprises. UCLA quarterback Drew Olson, who had finished eighth in the voting for the 2005 Heisman Trophy, threw three interceptions (two of which were returned by the Wildcats for touchdowns), matching his total for the entire regular season, when he threw 31 touchdowns. Northwestern kicker Joel Howells, who had made 44 of 45 extra points in the regular season, missed two, as well a field goal, before giving way to back up Amado Villarreal. The Bruins had two rushers top 100 yards, and neither was Maurice Jones-Drew, who had had more than double the rushing yards of any teammate during the regular season; freshman Khalil Bell and sophomore Chris Markey, neither of whom had topped 100 yards in any regular season game, though, shined, running for 293 yards on 42 carries. Finally, Wildcats freshman running back Tyrell Sutton, the 2005 The Sporting News NCAA freshman of the year, was held to 82 yards rushing by a UCLA defense that ranked 110th in the country. The first half was one of streaks, as Northwestern saw a 22-0 lead, two touchdowns of which were returns of Olson interceptions, equaled and then eclipsed as Bell rushed for two scores and Olson threw a touchdown with just 29 seconds in the half to give UCLA a seven-point lead midway through the game. UCLA continued its offensive progress in the third quarter, as Olson threw a third touchdown just six minutes in, putting UCLA up by fourteen; the Bruins had again taken advantage of good field position off a Wildcats punt, with Northwestern’s Ryan Pederson's averaging but 30.8 yards per punt on the day. Northwestern slowly cut into the Bruins lead as quarterback Brett Basanez lead his team on two scoring drives, finishing the game with 437 yards passing and one touchdown on 71 passing attempts; Basanez, though, did throw two interceptions. After a Mark Philmore touchdown reception cut the UCLA lead to four with 2:29 remaining in the game, UCLA kick returner Brandon Breazell returned the ensuing kickoff 42 yards for a touchdown. Basanez led a final drive deep into UCLA territory, connecting twice with Ross Lane, who finished the game as the Wildcats’ top receiver, with 135 yards on seven catches, and finally throwing a touchdown to Shaun Herbert with 23 seconds remaining; Breazell delivered a knockout blow, however, again returning an onside kick for a touchdown, and the Bruins held on for the 12-point win.[edit] Independence BowlMain article: 2005 Independence BowlMissouri 38, South Carolina 31The third of the four games on December 30, 2005 was the Independence Bowl at Independence Stadium in Shreveport, Louisiana. South Carolina, representing the SEC, took an early 21-point lead but was unable to hold off a late charge from Missouri, representing the Big 12, which notched a 38-31 win, denying South Carolina coach Steve Spurrier a bowl win in his first season back in college football. The Gamecocks scored on their first possession and recovered a Missouri fumble on the Tigers’ first play from scrimmage, setting up a five-yard touchdown scamper by running back Mike Davis. A second touchdown pass by quarterback Blake Mitchell gave South Carolina a 21-0 lead just six minutes into the game, and after a series of punts, the Gamecocks took the ball on a short field and reached the Missouri 16-yard-line when a Mitchell pass was intercepted by senior Marcus King, who returned his pick 98 yards for Missouri’s first score of the game. Davis, who finished the day with 124 yards on 19 carries, added his second touchdown on the ensuing drive, but Missouri option quarterback Brad Smith, who was his team’s leading passer (21 completions for 283 yards) and rusher (16 carries for 138 yards), drove the Tigers 74 yards in 1:33 before hitting freshman tight end Chase Coffman, his leading receiver, who finished with eight catches for 99 yards, on a five-yard touchdown pass, cutting the Tigers’ halftime deficit to 14. Smith took the Tigers down the field once more to open the third quarter, and, even after Missouri wasted a 76-yard drive when kicker Adam Crossett missed a 22-yard field goal, the Missouri defense forced a punt and Smith engineered an 85-yard drive capped by his 31-yard rushing touchdown. A Derrick Ming interception of a Mitchell pass in Gamecocks territory led to another Smith rushing score, and Crossett atoned for his earlier miss by hitting a 50-yard field goal early in the fourth quarter to give the Tigers their first lead of the game. Mitchell responded with a long drive of his own, hitting freshman wide receiver Sidney Rice, his top target in the game (catching 13 passes for 202 yards and a touchdown), three times en route to a 30-yard Josh Brown field goal. Working against a fatigued Gamecocks defense, which faced a total of 76 Missouri plays on the day, Smith shined on the ground once more, recording a 59-yard run and capping his day with a third rushing touchdown, this from one yard out. Although freshman kick returner Carlos Thomas once more gave the Gamecocks good field position, returning the Missouri kick 43 yards to bring his return average on the day to 31 yards, Mitchell threw his third interception of the day, allowing Mizzou to run out the clock.[edit] Meineke Car Care BowlMain article: 2005 Meineke Car Care BowlNorth Carolina State 14, South Florida 0The Meineke Car Care Bowl at Bank of America Stadium in Charlotte, North Carolina was the first of three scheduled games played on December 31, 2005. North Carolina State, representing the ACC, defeated South Florida, which was making its first bowl appearance in its first year as a member of the Big East, 14-0. A scoreless first quarter set the tone for a game in which neither team played well offensively; each team punted twice and neither team could take advantage of a scoring chance, as the Bulls missed a 47-yard field goal on their first possession of the game and the Wolfpack failed to put points on the board after taking over the ball at midfield on a Marcus Hudson blocked punt. The NC State offense came alive in the second quarter as sophomore quarterback Marcus Stone, assuming the starting role from senior Jay Davis, hit wide receiver Brian Clark, who was his team’s leading receiver with two catches for 50 yards, for a 9-yard touchdown and ran for another, giving the Wolfpack a 14-0 halftime lead. The teams reprised their offensive ineptitude in the third quarter, however, as Bulls backup quarterback Carlton Hill fumbled the ball to NC State, only to see Hudson lose a fumble on the next play; Hill fumbled once more two plays later as possession changed hands three times in four plays. Only South Florida managed sustained drives in the fourth quarter, as running back Andre Hall keyed an attack that reached the NC State 17-yard line before quarterback Pat Julmiste threw an interception, ending the Bulls’ scoring chance—a fake punt netted South Florida a first-down in Wolfpack territory with less than five minutes to play, but they turned the ball over on downs and failed to threaten again until the waning seconds of the game. Even as he completed only nine of 19 passes for 127 yards, Wolfpack quarterback Marcus Stone outshone his South Florida counterpart, and Julmiste completed just eight of 25 passes for 94 yards—with two-thirds of his total coming with less than two minutes to play—as he was outplayed by the freshman Hill, who completed one of two passes for 37 yards but was nevertheless pulled from the game after the second of his fumbles. The running of Hall, the Big East’s leading rusher during the regular season, kept South Florida within striking distance, as he overcame a slow start to finish with 130 yards on 21 carries. In general, though, each defense played well, not only forcing fumbles but pressuring the passer; NC State totaled seven sacks, including three by linebacker Stephen Tulloch, and South Florida notched three, all by defensive end Terrence Royal. Running back Toney Baker helped the Wolfpack to run time off the clock in the fourth quarter and win the time-of-possession battle by nearly four minutes; he finished the day with 90 yards on 23 carries as NC State’s two second-quarter scores proved to be enough for the win. The Bulls were shut out for the first time since the program started in 1997.[edit] Liberty BowlMain article: 2005 Liberty BowlTulsa 31, Fresno State 24The Liberty Bowl at the Memorial Stadium which bears its name in Memphis, Tennessee was the second game played on December 31. Fresno State, out of the WAC, failed to end a three-game losing streak that began when the Bulldogs fell by only eight to the top-ranked team in the nation, Southern California, losing to C-USA champion (and former WAC rival) Tulsa, 31-24. Although better known for their passing offenses, each team recorded its first two scores on the ground, as the Bulldogs took a 7-0 first quarter lead on the strength of a seven-yard run carry by senior running back Wendell Mathis, who finished the day with 31 carries for 117 yards. The Golden Hurricane answered quickly and then took the lead in the second quarter as Uril Parrish and Tarrion Adams each recorded a touchdown; Adams finished as Tulsa’s leading rusher, accumulating 103 yards on 11 carries. Fresno State tied the game on a Bryson Sumlin touchdown scamper with 1:14 to play—Sumlin would finish the game with 66 yards on 10 carries—in the first half before a 40-yard Brad DeVault field goal gave Tulsa a three-point halftime lead, even as the Golden Hurricane had possessed the ball for fewer than ten minutes in game’s first half. Behind the play of senior quarterback Paul Pinegar, who threw efficiently if unremarkably (19 completions in 30 attempts for 215 yards), the Bulldogs tied the game early in the third quarter with a Kyle Zimmerman 27-yard field goal. Adams was tackled for a loss on a fourth-down attempt to give Fresno State the ball at the Tulsa 37-yard line, but Mathis was held for short gains by a stout Tulsa defense and Zimmerman eventually missed a field goal from 27 yards out. Golden Hurricane quarterback Paul Smith, who finished the game completing 18 of 27 passes for 236 yards, finally found senior tight end Garrett Mills, who this season broke the career receiving yards mark for a tight end in Division I-A, for productive yards in the third quarter, though Mills nevertheless finished with only four catches on the day, as Tulsa reached midfield before wide receiver Ashlan Davis fumbled the ball, committing Tulsa’s only turnover; in a drive that ran more than five minutes off the clock and took the game into the fourth quarter, Fresno State capitalized, as Pinegar drove the Bulldogs 72 yards and hit wide receiver Joe Fernandez for a 21-yard touchdown, giving Fresno State a 7-point lead. Tulsa’s inability to possess the ball for long stretches bade well for Fresno State, but Davis atoned for his fumble midway through the fourth quarter as he caught a Smith pass and scored from 55 yards to tie the game; Davis finished the day as the leading Tulsa receiver, catching eight passes for 129 yards. Pinegar led another Bulldogs drive but was intercepted near midfield by Golden Hurricane sophomore defensive back Anthony Germany, as Tulsa, despite having run only 55 plays (to Fresno State’s 77) and having possessed the ball for only 20:44, took the lead for good on a four-yard touchdown run by Smith, as a second Pinegar interception with 2:03 to play clinched the win for the Golden Hurricane. Though they ran few plays, Tulsa made them count, averaging 7.0 yards per carry on their running plays as they ran their record to 9-4, defeating the Bulldogs for the first time in five tries.[edit] Houston BowlMain article: 2005 Houston BowlTCU 27, Iowa State 24The last of three December 31 games that were contested on New Year's Eve was the Houston Bowl at Reliant Stadium in Houston, Texas. Mountain West champion Texas Christian, filling a slot reserved for the SEC, which failed to qualify enough teams for bowl eligibility, tallied a 27-24 win over Iowa State, representing the Big 12. The Horned Frogs, bidding to finish the year as the only team from a non-BCS conference to be ranked in the top 25 in the USA Today coaches’ and AP writers’ polls, took a 14-point lead over the Cyclones just 6:36 into the game, as junior tailback Robert Merrill scored on a 20-yard run on TCU’s first possession; Merrill finished the day as his team’s top rusher, gaining 109 yards on just 11 carries. Setting the tone for a game in which each defense would make several key plays, cornerback Drew Coleman recovered an Iowa State fumble on the second play of the ensuing possession, and TCU capitalized in 56 seconds as freshman running back Aaron Brown took one of his 12 carries for a touchdown. Soon after Iowa State defensive back LaMarcus Hicks evened the turnover battle, intercepting TCU quarterback Ballard at midfield to set up the first of two touchdown receptions by wide receiver Todd Blythe, who finished as the leading Cyclones receiver with 105 yards on only five receptions, Cyclones defensive end Brent Curvey sacked Ballard and then halted a running play in the end zone, giving Iowa State a safety. Two minutes and twenty seconds later, Iowa State quarterback Bret Meyer, who totaled 20 completions on 33 attempts for 254 yards, threw the second of his three touchdowns, hitting receiver Jon Davis from six yards; a successful two-point conversion, a pass from Meyer to tight end Ben Barkema, gave the Cyclones a three-point lead. After the teams exchanged punts, Meyer turned the ball over again, fumbling to David Roach, and Ballard, who completed 21 of his 33 passes for 275 yards, playing similarly to Meyer and foreshadowing the game’s close end, hit junior wide receiver Michael DePriest for an 84-yard touchdown. Though each defense tightened at the end of the first half, TCU took advantage of good field position conferred by a 39-yard punt return as kicker Chris Manfredini made a 29-yard field goal to give the Horned Frogs a seven-point halftime lead. Each defense held the opposing offense for most of the third quarter, as the teams combined in the game for 12 sacks (defensive end Chase Ortiz led TCU with two; defensive end Jason Berryman had four for Iowa State), before Meyer again hit Blythe for a touchdown, this time from 22 yards, as the Cyclones tied the game late in the third quarter. Even as each team lost a fumble in the fourth quarter, neither was able to mount a substantial drive, but the inability of Iowa State to run the ball on TCU (eayer was his team’s leading rusher, gaining 27 of the Cyclones’ 35 yards on 12 carries) allowed the Horned Frogs to win the time-of-possession battle by seven minutes, and the Cyclones defense tired late in the game, allowing TCU to drive 49 yards in 3:42 as kicker Peter LoCoco made his first field goal since October 8, a 49-yarder that gave TCU its winning margin; the Horned Frogs defense held Iowa State scoreless the rest of the way. In winning a poorly executed game in which the teams totaled 20 penalties and seven turnovers, TCU cut the record of BCS conference teams against non-BCS conference teams to 3-2 in what was the last game to be played between a BCS and non-BCS team of the 2005 bowl season. The game was also the last under the "Houston Bowl" banner; after the season, the marketing arm of the Houston Texans, Lone Star Sports and Entertainment, took over the game and renamed it the Texas Bowl.[edit] Non-BCS New Year's Day BowlsBecause New Year's Day 2006 fell on a Sunday, a day when the NFL plays most of its games, the league played all but two of its final regular season games that day, and all college football bowl games traditionally held that day were moved to January 2, which fell on a Monday.These games are generally considered to be the more important of the non-BCS bowls, with half — the AT&T Cotton Bowl Classic, the Toyota Gator Bowl and the Capital One Bowl — broadcast on over-the-air television rather than cable (namely ESPN), and with these six games' having larger-than-average purses; in 2005, for example, the Toyota Gator Bowl paid the lowest purse of the sextet, which, at $1.6 million still more than doubled the $750,mercurial nike,000 purse standard for most non-New Year's Day bowls, while the Capital One Bowl handed out the largest non-BCS purse at roughly $5,312,000.[edit] Holiday BowlMain article: 2005 Holiday BowlOklahoma 17, Oregon 14The Holiday Bowl, which as of 2005 became the second post-season college football game played at Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego, California, is considered to be part of this group in spite of the fact that the game is not played on New Year's Day, given the bowl's payout of $2,000,000 and the frequency with which highly-ranked teams participate. The 2005 edition was the second of two games played on December 29, 2005, with the Big 12's Oklahoma Sooners defeating the Pac-10's Oregon Ducks, 17-14, in a matchup of teams each with something to prove. The Ducks were playing to show that they deserved a BCS bowl bid, having gone 10-1 during the regular season (the only loss coming to the nation's top-ranked team, Southern California), while the Sooners, who had lost in the BCS championship game each of the past two years, were trying to show that they really were the team that came into the season ranked fifth in the USA Today coaches' poll and seventh in the AP writers' poll than the team that lost to Texas by 33. Although Oregon got off to an early 7-3 lead and held that lead for nearly half the game, 22:38, the offense was unable to muster much against an Oklahoma defense that recorded four sacks (two by junior defensive end C.J. Ah You), held the Ducks to 2.6 yards per carry, and allowed only six third-down conversions in 18 attempts. Rotating between Dennis Dixon and Brady Leaf (whose brother, Ryan, was once the quarterback for the San Diego Chargers and played in said stadium) at quarterback, as they had done since losing starter Kellen Clemens earlier in the year, the Ducks gained 244 passing yards on 44 attempts, but much of that came in the fourth quarter as the Sooners defense tired during two extended drives. Oregon managed little success on the ground, with their top rusher, senior Terrence Whitehead, going for only 42 yards. Oklahoma's offense played largely efficiently, gaining 365 yards, with redshirt freshman quarterback Rhett Bomar completing 59 percent of his passes for 229 yards and one touchdown (freshman Malcolm Kelly was the team's top receiver, hauling in seven Bomar throws for 78 yards). Sophomore Adrian Peterson led the way on the ground, accumulating 79 yards on 23 carries. In spite of their general success, Bomar and Peterson each provided Oregon hope, with Bomar's throwing an interception and Peterson's fumbling within a yard of the goal line. The Ducks, trailing by 10 points in the fourth quarter, were unable to convert a first-down in the shadow of their own goal posts against the aggressive Sooners defense and thus failed to capitalize on the Peterson turnover. Their defense, though, stymied every Oklahoma drive in the fourth quarter, getting two more possessions for the offense, and Oregon drove 81 yards in 14 plays, with Brady Leaf's hitting Tim Day for a three-yard touchdown. Once more the Sooners offense failed to convert a third-down on their ensuing possession as the Ducks defense tightened, and, behind a resurgent Leaf, Oregon drove to the Oklahoma 19-yard-line before Sooners senior linebacker Clint Ingram intercepted a Leaf pass to seal the victory for the Sooners.On July 11, 2007, following an investigation into the use of two players being used in a fake job scandal by Sooner boosters, the NCAA announced that the game, along with eight victories from the 2005 regular season would be stricken from the record books. However, the NCAA reversed its' field on February 22, 2008, and restored all eight forfeited wins to the record books, including the Holiday Bowl. Since bowl games are not sanctioned by the NCAA, Oklahoma was allowed to keep their payout.[edit] Peach BowlMain article: 2005 Peach BowlLSU 40, Miami (Florida) 3The Peach Bowl at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta, Georgia, like the Holiday Bowl, is not played on New Year's Day but is considered part of this group, given shared characteristics: a large payout and the participation of highly-ranked teams. This year's game was the nightcap of four contests played on December 30, 2005, the first game of three in the span of four days at the facility, and matched the ACC's Miami (Florida), who were the defending champions of this game, and the SEC’s LSU. The game was expected to be competitive and low-scoring, given that each team was ranked in top ten in the AP writers’ and USA Today coaches’ polls and that each ranked amongst the top six in Division I-A in total defense.The outcome, though, was anything but close as the Hurricanes struck first with a field goal six-plus minutes into the game and then watched as the Tigers, led by sophomore quarterback Matt Flynn, who replaced the injured JaMarcus Russell after having thrown only 15 passes all year, scored 40 points on eight straight possessions to claim a 40-3 win. Flynn played efficiently for LSU, which was coming of an upset by Georgia in the SEC championship game, played four weeks earlier in that same stadium, completing 13 of 22 passes for 197 yards and two touchdowns, including a 51-yard strike to wide receiver Craig Davis, who was the leading Tigers receiver with five catches for 100 yards. The ground game, however, was LSU’s best weapon, as the Tigers possessed the ball for 39:08 and accumulated 282 rushing yards, averaging 5.1 yards per carry against a Hurricanes defense that came into the game having allowed more than 17 points only once during the regular season. Running back Joseph Addai led the way with 24 carries for 128 yards and one touchdown; fullback Jacob Hester and added 66 yards and one touchdown on 13 carries. The Tigers kicking game also added in the scoring, as Colt David made four extra points and Chris Jackson connected on four field goals, including a 50-yarder to end LSU scoring, and participated in a fake field goal the Tigers used to convert a first down already up 31.The Hurricanes turned the ball over only once, as freshman quarterback Kirby Freeman entered the game with Miami down 37 and promptly threw an interception, but they allowed LSU to sack quarterback Kyle Wright four times; pressure and tight coverage led to Wright’s making only 10 of 21 passes for just 99 yards. Neither was the running game able to get any traction for Miami, as the Hurricanes averaged just 2.0 yards per carry, with leading rusher sophomore Charlie Jones recording only 49 yards on eight carries, 42 of that on one run.The loss was the worst in post-season history for the Hurricanes. The contest, the last to be termed the "Peach Bowl" (the game was renamed the "Chick-fil-A Bowl" after the season), was marred by a postgame scuffle in which an ersatz fight between Tigers and Hurricanes players was ostensibly misunderstood by several Hurricanes, who initiated actual physical contact, necessitating the intervention of Georgia State Patrol officers and medical treatment for Miami offensive lineman Andrew Bain, who was reported to have been briefly unconscious, but was instead dazed after being hit in the head by a helmet.[edit] Outback BowlMain article: 2006 Outback BowlFlorida 31, Iowa 24The Outback Bowl at Raymond James Stadium in Tampa, Florida was the first of the six traditional New Year's Day games played on January 2, 2006, as Florida, representing the SEC, avenged a 2004 Outback Bowl loss to Big Ten representative Iowa, taking an early 17-0 lead and then holding off a late Hawkeyes run to win 31-24, giving coach Urban Meyer a bowl victory (his third straight bowl victory in a row; the first two coming in the 2003 Liberty Bowl and the 2005 Fiesta Bowl with Utah) and a 9-3 record in his first season with the Gators. The teams matched up fairly evenly defensively, but special teams and defensive touchdowns made the difference for the Gators, who took a 7-0 lead just 1:35 into the game when Tremaine McCollum returned a block eight yards for a touchdown. Behind junior quarterback Chris Leak, who finished the day having completed 27 of 42 passes for 305 yards and two touchdowns, the Gators constructed two 70-plus-yard drives in the first and second quarters, but came away with only three points as the Iowa defense tightened and kicker Chris Hetland made only one of two field goal attempts. Florida senior cornerback Vernell Brown, forcing the game’s only turnover, intercepted Iowa quarterback Drew Tate with less than two minutes to play in the first half and returned his catch 60 yards for a touchdown. Iowa responded immediately, taking advantage of a 47-yard kickoff return by Damian Sims, as Tate found wide receiver Clinton Solomon, who finished the day as Tate’s leading receiver, catching seven passes for 97 yards, for a 20-yard touchdown, bringing the Hawkeyes within ten. The Gators, though, returned their halftime lead to 17 when Leak drove his team 70 yards in 1:09, finally hitting senior wide receiver Dallas Baker, his top target on the day (10 catches for 148 yards), for a 24-yard touchdown as time expired. In a third quarter in which each team punted twice and the Hawkeyes missed a field goal, Florida extended its lead once more, as Leak threw a touchdown to Baker, this one from 38 yards; with just over 17 minutes to play, the Gators led by 24. Even as Florida had success on the ground in the game, rushing 42 times for 169 yards (led by freshman running back Kestahn Moore, who went for 87 yards on 13 carries), the Gators were unable to sustain clock-consuming drives in the fourth quarter, twice turning the ball over on downs, and Tate engineered a comeback, hitting senior wide receiver Ed Hinkel, who caught nine passes for 87 yards on the day, for two touchdowns in 6:52, benefiting from a Gators lost fumble on the Florida five-yard line, to bring the Hawkeyes to within 10 with seven minutes to play. Tate, who finished with impressive passing numbers despite his having thrown an interception (32 of 55 passes completed for 346 yards and three touchdowns), connected twice with tight end Scott Chandler, who became the third Hawkeyes receiver to top 80 yards for the game (88, on seven catches), on the final Hawkeyes drive to set up a Kyle Schlicher 45-yard field goal. Iowa recovered an onside kick, but an Iowa player was ruled to have been offsides by the officials assigned by Conference USA for the game. Television replays would later show that no Iowa player was offsides, to the considerable dismay of Hawkeyes coach Kirk Ferentz. Florida recovered the ensuing retry and ran the clock out, leaving Iowa just short in its comeback effort and dropping the Hawkeyes’ record to 7-5 for the season.[edit] Cotton Bowl ClassicMain article: 2006 Cotton BowlAlabama 13, Texas Tech 10The Cotton Bowl Classic, played at the eponymous stadium in Dallas, Texas as the second of the six contests on January 2, saw Alabama, representing the SEC, defeat Big 12 opponent Texas Tech, 13-10. In a matchup of the Crimson Tide’s first-ranked scoring defense and the Red Raiders’ second-ranked scoring offense, Alabama held Texas Tech to ten points, thanks to numerous pressures and four sacks of Texas Tech senior quarterback Cody Hodges, who completed only 15 of 32 passes for 191 yards and was knocked out of the game for a period in the second half. The Alabama defense was assisted by an efficient offense that controlled the ball much of the game and kept the defense off the field; Alabama ultimately possessed the ball for 38:56, largely thanks to the rushing of Kenneth Darby, who notched 83 yards on 29 carries. In fact, it was the Alabama offense that finally secured the win for the Crimson Tide, as quarterback Brodie Croyle, who completed 19 of 31 passes for 275 yards, drove his team 55 yards late in the fourth quarter to set up kicker Jamie Christensen’s 46-yard game-winning field goal. Alabama struck first, scoring less than four minutes into the game as Croyle hit sophomore wide receiver Keith Brown for a 76-yard touchdown; Brown finished as Croyle’s top target, gaining 142 yards on five catches. An Alex Trlica 34-yard field goal brought Texas Tech to within four, and the teams traded blocked field goals to end the first half; Christensen also missed a field goal from 38 yards early in the second quarter but the two kicks he made were more significant than the two he missed. Though the Crimson Tide defense kept the Red Raiders in check most of the second half, Hodges engineered late drives for Texas Tech, using both his legs (he finished as his team’s top rusher, gaining 93 yards on 13 carries) and arm. He eventually hit Jarrett Hicks for a game-tying touchdown. The Red Raiders defense, though, could not stop Croyle, and the Crimson Tide came away with a win in their first Cotton Bowl Classic appearance since 1982. The walkoff field goal by Christensen was the first game-ending score in the game since 1979, when Joe Montana brought Notre Dame from behind to defeat Houston.In a humorous moment following the game at a press conference, Mike Shula, Alabama's coach, fell off the platform where he was sitting on, then got back up and stated "I hope that ESPN didn't film that." Too late for him, they showed that on SportsCenter that night.[edit] Gator BowlMain article: 2006 Gator BowlVirginia Tech 35, Louisville 24The third of the six traditional New Year's Day contests played on January 2, 2006 was the Gator Bowl at ALLTEL Stadium in Jacksonville, Florida. Having left the Big East two years earlier to join the ACC, Virginia Tech defeated Louisville, which was playing in its first year of Big East membership, 35-24. In spite of the difference in their styles (Louisville entered the game with the nation’s third-ranked offense and Virginia Tech brought the third-ranked defense), each team entered the game with a similar goal: successfully finishing a season marred by the disappointment of exclusion from the BCS bowl games (Louisville was widely expected to claim the Big East crown and thus an automatic bid, and Virginia Tech was heavily favored to win the ACC championship game, which was played at ALLTEL four weeks earlier against Florida State). Starting just his second game for the Cardinals after the injury of Big East passing leader Brian Brohm, Louisville quarterback Hunter Cantwell excelled early, driving his team 77 yards in 3:59 and hitting freshman wide receiver Mario Urrutia, his top target on the day (six catches for 95 yards), for an 11-yard touchdown. After Brandon Pace made a 36-yard field goal for the Hokies, Cantwell led another long drive, this one 80 yards, and connected with wide receiver Joshua Tinch for a 39-yard touchdown to give the Cardinals an 11-point lead. After neither offense sustained progress for much of the second quarter, the Hokies pressuring defense (Virginia Tech sacked Cantwell four times on the day) forced a turnover as cornerback Roland Minor intercepted Cantwell near midfield; Virginia Tech took advantage, as quarterback Marcus Vick hit wide receiver Justin Harper for a 33-yard touchdown, cutting the Hokies’ halftime deficit to seven. In a third quarter marked by defensive toughness, only the Hokies managed to score, taking the ball on their own one-yard line and driving 88 yards, largely behind running backs Brandon Ore and Cedric Humes, who combined to gain 166 yards on 32 carries, before a Louisville defensive stand forced them to settle for another Pace field goal. In a span of 66 seconds early in the fourth quarter, each team scored a touchdown, as Gary Barnidge caught a 29-yard Cantwell pass and Humes ran 24 yards before the Hokies added a two-point conversion to cut the Louisville lead to three points. An opportunistic Virginia Tech defense contained Louisville back Michael Bush in the fourth quarter (he gained 94 yards on 16 carries for the game) and took advantage of Cantwell’s inexperience, forcing a fumble (off of which Vick threw a two-yard touchdown to Jeff King, finishing his day with 11 completions in 21 attempts for 204 yards) and then recording an interception which James Anderson returned 40 yards for a touchdown to give Virginia Tech the 11-point margin by which they would eventually win; the defense sealed the victory with a third interception of Cantwell (who finished the game having completed only 42 percent of his passes) and, behind Humes, the Hokies ran out the clock. After the game, video showed Vick, ostensibly intentionally, stepping on the leg of Louisville defensive end Elvis Dumervil; though none of the Big 12 officiating crew saw the play as it happened, the head referee, upon seeing a replay of the play, indicated that he would have ejected Vick had he seen the play. On January 6, Hokies coach Frank Beamer announced that Vick had been dismissed from the team; Vick later announced that, in lieu of transferring to another Division I-A school, after which he would have had to sit out one year, or to a Division I-AA, II, or III school, whereupon he could play immediately, he would forgo his senior season, declaring his eligibility for the 2006 NFL Draft.[edit] Capital One BowlMain article: 2006 Capital One BowlWisconsin 24, Auburn 10The Capital One Bowl, the second post-season game played at the Citrus Bowl Stadium in Orlando, Florida was the fourth played on January 2, 2006, and the final non-BCS game. Wisconsin, playing its final game for coach Barry Alvarez and representing the Big Ten, defeated Auburn, an SEC representative which a year ago finished its season undefeated but left out of the BCS championship game, 24-10. The Badgers recovered two Auburn turnovers in the game’s first four minutes, intercepting quarterback Brandon Cox and forcing a fumble by running back Kenny Irons, but failed to score on short fields, punting once and missing a 53-yard field goal. It was when faced with poor field position, however, that the Wisconsin offense came alive, and, midway through the first quarter, quarterback John Stocco took the team 75 yards in just 57 seconds, connecting with Brandon Williams on a 30-yard pass for a touchdown to give the Badgers a seven-point lead; Williams was Stocco’s leading receiver on the day, catching six passes for 173 yards. A tough Badgers defense, which sacked Cox four times on the day, forced an Auburn punt and the offense, behind a 61-yard carry by running back Brian Calhoun, who carried for 214 yards on 30 carries for the game, shredding the Auburn run defense, got to the two-yard line before stalling and settling for a 19-yard Taylor Mehlhaff field goal. Irons, who had been held below 100 yards in just two games during the regular season, managed little traction against Wisconsin, finishing the day with just 87 yards on 22 carries; the inability of Irons to get a first down ended two Auburn drives in the second quarter and led to a 12-play, 86-yard drive that culminated in Stocco’s hitting Owen Daniels for a 13-yard touchdown, giving the Badgers a 17-point halftime lead. Stocco, committing the only Badgers turnover of the game, fumbled in the third quarter, giving Auburn the ball at the Wisconsin 18-yard line, but the Tigers were held to a 19-yard John Vaughn field goal, after which the teams traded punts to close the third quarter. Cox, who finished the day having completed only 45 percent of his passes for just 138 yards, led the Tigers on one final long drive, going 56 yards in 14 plays and hitting Courtney Taylor with a nine-yard touchdown pass; the drive was twice kept alive with third-down completions to senior wide receiver Ben Obomanu, who led the Tigers in receiving with five catches for 62 yards. The Badgers answered just 1:27 later, as Calhoun ran 33 yards for a touchdown to put the Badgers up by 14 points. After the Wisconsin defense held the Tigers at midfield, the Badgers took the ensuing possession, largely through the running of Calhoun, 98 yards to the Auburn one-yard line before allowing time to expire, securing Alvarez, who will continue in his role as the school's athletic director, his fourth season of double-digit wins. Defensive coordinator Bret Bielema assumed head coaching duties in 2006, and led them back to the game.[edit] Bowl Championship Series gamesThe purse for each BCS game was $14,998,000.[edit] Fiesta BowlMain article: 2006 Fiesta BowlOhio State 34,nike mercurial, Notre Dame 20The first BCS Game, the Fiesta Bowl at Sun Devil Stadium in Tempe, Arizona is the fifth of six traditional games that were played on January 2, 2006 in the time usually reserved for the Rose Bowl, which served as the national championship game. In a battle of BCS at-large selections, Ohio State University defeated Notre Dame, 34-20, in the last Fiesta Bowl to be played at Sun Devil Stadium. The Fighting Irish, an independent program, struck first, capping a six-play, 72-yard drive with a 20-yard touchdown run by sophomore running back Darius Walker, but the Buckeyes, representing the Big Ten, of which they were co-champion, tied the game just three minutes later as junior quarterback Troy Smith hit speedy sophomore Ted Ginn Jr., for a 56-yard reception. The Irish soon had another scoring chance, as Smith was sacked and fumbled on the Ohio State 15-yard line; Walker, though, was held in check by the Ohio State defense, and a fourth-down conversion attempt was stuffed by Buckeyes linebacker A.J. Hawk, who recorded the first of his two sacks (senior defensive end Mike Kudla recorded three). Off of the defensive stop, the Ohio State offense rolled behind Ginn once more, as he caught an 18-yard Smith pass and then carried the ball himself 68 yards for a touchdown; Ginn finished the day with two carries for 73 yards and eight catches for 168 yards. After Notre Dame punted on its first second quarter possession, Smith again led his team down the field, often using his legs (he finished the day with 11 carries for 76 yards), and Ohio State reached the Notre Dame 15-yard line before a second Smith fumble ended another Buckeyes scoring chance. Even as Notre Dame quarterback Brady Quinn, who finished fourth in 2005 Heisman Trophy balloting, connected twice on the ensuing drive with Maurice Stovall, who finished as the top Irish receiver with nine catches and 128 yards, the Buckeyes defense forced a punt from midfield and the offense then went 98 yards for a touchdown; the scoring play was an 85-yard touchdown heave from Smith to wide receiver Santonio Holmes, who had caught five passes for 124 yards at game’s end. Quinn had little success against the Ohio State defense in the first half, and the ensuing Irish drive stalled, allowing the Buckeyes to regain possession and drive to the Notre Dame 11-yard line from which sixth-year senior kicker Josh Huston had a field goal attempt partially blocked; nevertheless, Ohio State held a 14-point lead at the half, buoyed by nearly 400 yards of total offense and three 50-plus-yard plays in the first half alone. As the Buckeyes stuck to the running game in the third quarter, sophomore running back Antonio Pittman became a featured part of the offense, helping his team to run nearly four minutes of the clock before a Huston field goal attempt from 46 yards was blocked, allowing Notre Dame to stay within 14 points of the Buckeyes. On a 71-yard drive in which senior wide receiver Matt Shelton caught three passes (of five for the game), Walker rushed for a 10-yard touchdown but kicker/punter D.J. Fitzpatrick missed the extra point, keeping Ohio State’s lead at eight. On the strength of a 44-yard Ginn reception, the Buckeyes struck back just two minutes later, as Huston finally connected on a field goal attempt, this one from 40 yards. Huston added a 26-yard field goal with 10:13 to go in the game, once more stretching the Ohio State lead to 14. The Irish struck back but took 4:38 to do so as Quinn struggled to find his top receiver, Jeff Samardzija, who finished with six catches for only 59 yards; Walker’s third touchdown, from five yards, brought Notre Dame to within seven with 5:20 to play in the game. Pittman ended any thoughts of an Irish comeback, though, when he ran 61 yards for a touchdown with 1:46 to play, taking his total for the game to 135 yards (on 20 carries); the Irish could get no closer than their 39-yard line the rest of the way as Ohio State won by 14 while compiling 541 yards of total offense and preventing first-year Irish head coach Charlie Weis from claiming a bowl victory. The win was the third in the Fiesta Bowl for Ohio State coach Jim Tressel, who saw his team defeat Miami (Florida), 31-24, in the double overtime 2003 edition, thereby claiming the 2002 national championship. As the second team in the BCS from the Big Ten, Ohio State earned an extra $4.5 million for its participation, while each of the six BCS conferences received an extra $1.7 million to be shared amongst their teams. Notre Dame, as an independent school without conference affiliation, kept its entire payout. The following season's game, along with the new stand-alone BCS title game, was moved to the new University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona.[edit] Sugar BowlMain article: 2006 Sugar BowlWest Virginia 38, Georgia 35The Sugar Bowl, the second BCS bowl, and the final game of six played on January 2, 2006, was contested at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta, Georgia, having been, like the New Orleans Bowl, displaced from the Louisiana Superdome by Hurricane Katrina. West Virginia, representing the Big East as conference champion, upset Georgia, the winner of the SEC championship game, 38-35. Georgia was looking for its third straight win in Atlanta in as many appearances, having won its last regular season game (against rival Georgia Tech on the Tech campus) and the SEC championship game (over LSU) at the Georgia Dome, located near the Bulldogs' Athens, Georgia campus, but West Virginia took a 28-0 lead in the game’s first 16 minutes and withstood a furious Georgia comeback before scoring late in the fourth quarter to secure the win. Mountaineers freshman running back Steve Slaton began a career day early, running for a 52-yard score just 2:48 into the game en route to accumulating 204 yards on 26 carries against a Bulldogs defense that entered the game having allowed only 3.5 yards per carry. On the subsequent West Virginia possession, freshman quarterback Pat White accounted 56 yards of a 64-yard scoring drive, connecting with wide receiver Darius Reynaud for a three-yard touchdown pass; Reynaud caught six passes for 50 yards on the day. Just two plays into the next Bulldogs drive, running back Danny Ware lost the first of what would be three Georgia fumbles on the day, and West Virginia took just five plays to go 26 yards, scoring a touchdown on a 13-yard Reynaud run. The Mountaineers defense stymied an additional Georgia drive and forced a fumble by Georgia quarterback D.J. Shockley, setting up a 50-yard drive that culminated in Slaton’s second touchdown scamper, an 18-yarder that gave West Virginia a 28-point lead just 15:50 into the game. Shockley began to have success against the Mountaineers defense in the second quarter, completing three straight passes for a total of 46 yar





Electro-optical MASINT - Wikipedia, the free encyc

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Electro-optical MASINT - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Electro-optical MASINTFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation,searchIntelligence Cycle ManagementCollection ManagementMASINTElectro-optical MASINTNuclear MASINTGeophysical MASINTRadar MASINTMaterials MASINTRadiofrequency MASINTElectro-optical MASINT is a subdiscipline of Measurement and Signature Intelligence, (MASINT) and refers to intelligence gathering activities which bring together disparate elements that do not fit within the definitions of Signals Intelligence (SIGINT), Imagery Intelligence (IMINT), or Human Intelligence (HUMINT).Electro-optical MASINT has similarities to IMINT, but is distinct from it. IMINT's primary goal is to create a picture, composed of visual elements understandable to a trained user. Electro-optical MASINT helps validate that picture,basket nike, so that, for example, the analyst can tell if an area of green is vegetation or camouflage paint. Electro-optical MASINT also generates information on phenomena that emit, absorb, or reflect electromagnetic energy in the infrared, visible light, or ultraviolet spectra, phenomena where a "picture" is less important than the amount or type of energy reported. For example, a class of satellites, originally intended to give early warning of rocket launches based on the heat of their exhaust, reports energy wavelengths and strength as a function of location(s). There would be no value, in this specific context, to seeing a photograph of the flames coming out of the rocket.Subsequently, when the geometry between the rocket exhaust and the sensor permits a clear view of the exhaust, IMINT would give a visual or infrared picture of its shape, while electro-optical MASINT would give, either as a list of coordinates with characteristics, or a "false-color" image, the temperature distribution, and spectroscopic information on its composition.In other words, MASINT may give warning before characteristics visible to IMINT are clear, or it may help validate or understand the pictures taken by IMINT.MASINT techniques are not limited to the United States, but the U.S. distinguishes MASINT sensors from others more than do other nations. According to the United States Department of Defense, MASINT is technically derived intelligence (excluding traditional imagery IMINT and signals intelligence SIGINT) that � when collected, processed, and analyzed by dedicated MASINT systems � results in intelligence that detects, tracks, identifies,air jordan, or describes the signatures (distinctive characteristics) of fixed or dynamic target sources. MASINT was recognized as a formal intelligence discipline in 1986.[1]. Another way to describe MASINT is "a "non-literal" discipline. It feeds on a target's unintended emissive byproducts, the "trails" of thermal energy, chemical or radio frequency emission that an object leaves in its wake. These trails form distinct signatures, which can be exploited as reliable discriminators to characterize specific events or disclose hidden targets"[2]As with many branches of MASINT, specific techniques may overlap with the six major conceptual disciplines of MASINT defined by the Center for MASINT Studies and Research, which divides MASINT into Electro-optical, Nuclear, Geophysical, Radar, Materials, and Radiofrequency disciplines.[3]MASINT collection technologies in this area use radar, lasers, staring arrays in the infrared and visual, to point sensors at the information of interest. As opposed to IMINT, MASINT electro-optical sensors do not create pictures. Instead, they would indicate the coordinates, intensity, and spectral characteristics of a light source, such as a rocket engine, or a missile reentry vehicle. Electro-optical MASINT involves obtaining information from emitted or reflected energy, across the wavelengths of infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light. Electro-optical techniques include measurement of the radiant intensities, dynamic motion, and the materials composition of a target. These measurements put the target in spectral and spatial contexts. Sensors used in electro-optical MASINT include radiometers, spectrometers, non-literal imaging systems, lasers, or laser radar (LIDAR)[4].Observation of foreign missile tests, for example, make extensive use of MASINT along with other disciplines. For example, electro-optical and radar tracking establish trajectory,air jordan, speed, and other flight characteristics that can be used to validate the TELINT telemetry intelligence being received by SIGINT sensors. Electro-optical sensors, which guide radars, operate on aircraft,nike pas cher, ground stations, and ships.Contents1 Airborne Electro-Optical Missile Tracking MASINT2 Tactical Counterartillery Sensors2.1 Purple Hawk2.2 Rocket Launch Spotter3 Infrared MASINT4 Optical Measurement of Nuclear Explosions5 Laser MASINT6 Spectroscopic MASINT6.1 Multispectral MASINT6.2 Hyperspectral MASINT6.2.1 Design Issues6.2.2 Sensors6.2.3 Signature Libraries6.2.4 Applications6.2.4.1 Minefield detection6.2.4.2 Underground Construction6.2.4.3 Urban Spectral Target Detection6.2.4.4 Mass Graves6.2.4.5 Ground Order of Battle Target Detection6.2.4.6 Biomass Estimation7 Space-based Staring Infrared Sensors8 Shallow Water Operations9 References[edit] Airborne Electro-Optical Missile Tracking MASINTU.S. RC-135S COBRA BALL aircraft have MASINT sensors that are "...two linked electro-optical sensors―the Real Time Optics System (RTOS) and the Large Aperture Tracker System (LATS). RTOS consists of an array of staring sensors encompassing a wide field of regard for target acquisition. LATS serves as an adjunct tracker. Due to its large aperture, it has significantly greater sensitivity and resolving power than the RTOS, but is otherwise similar [5].Two Cobra Ball aircraft on the flightline at Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska.There is a broader program to standardize the architecture of the various RC-135 aircraft, so that there will be greater commonality of parts, and some ability to switch missions: a COBRA BALL will be able to carry out some SIGINT missions of the RIVET JOINT RC-135.COBRA BALL cues the COBRA DANE ground radar and the COBRA JUDY ship-based radar. See Radar MASINT[edit] Tactical Counterartillery SensorsBoth electro-optical and radar sensors have been coupled with acoustic sensors in modern counter-artillery systems. Electro-optical sensors are directional and precise, so need to be cued by acoustic or other omnidirectional sensors. The original Canadian sensors, in the First World War, used electro-optical flash as well as geophysical sound sensors.[edit] Purple HawkComplementing counter-mortar radar is the Israeli Purple Hawk mast-mounted electro-optical sensor, which detects mortars and provides perimeter security. The device, remotely operated via fiber optics or microwave, is intended to have a laser designator[6].[edit] Rocket Launch SpotterA newer U.S. system couples an electro-optical and an acoustic system to produce the Rocket Artillery Launch Spotter (RLS)[7]. RLS combines components from two existing systems, the Tactical Aircraft Directed Infra-Red Countermeasures (TADIRCM) and the UTAMS . The two-color infrared sensors were originally designed to detect surface-to-air missiles for TADIRCM. Other TADIRCM components also have been adapted to RLS, including the computer processors, inertial navigation units (INU),air jordan, and detection and tracking algorithms.It is an excellent example of automatic cueing of one sensor by another. Depending on the application, the sensitive but less selective sensor is either acoustic or nonimaging electro-optical. The selective sensor is forward-looking infrared (FLIR).Electro-optical components of Rocket Launch Spotter systemRLS uses two TADIRCM sensors, an INU, and a smaller field-of-view single-color (FLIR) camera on each tower. The INU, which contains a GPS receiver, allows the electro-optical sensors to align to the azimuth and elevation of any detected threat signature.The basic system mode is for rocket detection, since a rocket launch gives a bright flare. In basic operation, RLS has electro-optical systems on three towers, separated by 2 to 3 kilometers, to give omnidirectional coverage. The tower equipment connects to the control stations using a wireless network.When a sensor measures a potential threat, the control station determines if it correlates with another measurement to give a threat signature. When a threat is recognized, RLS triangulates the optical signal and presents the Point of Origin (POO) on a map display. The nearest tower FLIR camera then is cued to the threat signature, giving the operator real-time video within 2 seconds of detection. When not in RLS mode, the FLIR cameras are available to the operator as surveillance cameras.UTAMS-RLS tower headMortar launches do not produce as strong an electro-optical signature as does a rocket, so RLS relies on acoustic signature cueing from an Unattended Transient Acoustic Measurement and Signal Intelligence System (UTAMS). There is an UTAMS array at the top of each of the three RLS towers. The tower heads can be rotated remotely.Each array consists of four microphones and processing equipment. Analyzing the time delays between an acoustic wavefront’s interaction with each microphone in the array UTAMS provides an azimuth of origin. The azimuth from each tower is reported to the UTAMS processor at the control station, and a POO is triangulated and displayed. The UTAMS subsystem can also detect and locate the point of impact (POI), but, due to the difference between the speeds of sound and light, it may take UTAMS as long as 30 seconds to determine the POO for a rocket launch 13 km away. This means UTAMS may detect a rocket POI prior to the POO, providing very little if any warning time. but the electro-optical component of RLS will detect the rocket POO earlier.[edit] Infrared MASINTWhile infrared IMINT and MASINT operate in the same wavelengths, MASINT does not “take pictures” in the conventional sense, but it can validate IMINT pictures. Where an IR IMINT sensor would take a picture that fills a frame, the IR MASINT sensor gives a list, by coordinate, of IR wavelengths and energy. A classic example of validation would be analyzing the detailed optical spectrum of a green area in a photograph: is the green from natural plant life, or is it camouflage paint?The Army's AN/GSQ-187 Improved Remote Battlefield Sensor System (I-REMBASS) contains a Passive Infrared Sensor, DT-565/GSQ, which "detects tracked or wheeled vehicles and personnel. It also provides information on which to base a count of objects passing through its detection zone and reports their direction of travel relative to its location. The monitor uses two different [magnetic and passive infrared] sensors and their identification codes to determine direction of travel.Shallow-water operations [8] require generalizing IR imaging to include a non-developmental Thermal Imaging Sensor System (TISS) to surface ships with a day/night, high-resolution, infrared (IR) and visual imaging, and laser range-finder capability to augment existing optical and radar sensors, especially against small boats and floating mines. Similar systems are now available in Army helicopters and armored fighting vehicles.[edit] Optical Measurement of Nuclear ExplosionsThere are several distinctive characteristics, in the range of visible light, from nuclear explosions. One of these is a characteristic "dual flash" measured by a bhangmeter. This went into routine use on the advanced Vela nuclear detection satellites, first launched in 1967. The earlier Velas only detected X-rays, gamma rays, and neutrons.The bhangmeter technique was used earlier, in 1961, aboard a modified US KC-135B aircraft monitoring the preannounced Soviet test of Tsar Bomba, the largest nuclear explosion ever detonated[9]. The US test monitoring, which carried both broadband electromagnetic and optical sensors including a bhangmeter, was named SPEEDLIGHT.As part of Operation BURNING LIGHT, one MASINT system photographed the nuclear clouds of French atmospheric nuclear tests to measure their density and opacity [10] [11]. This operation is borderline with Nuclear MASINT.Bhangmeters on Advanced Vela satellites detected the what is variously called the Vela Incident or South Atlantic Incident, on 22 September 1979. Different reports have claimed that it was, or was not, a nuclear test, and, if it was, probably involved South Africa and possibly Israel. France and Taiwan have also been suggested. Only one bhangmeter detected the characteristic double-flash, although US Navy hydrophones suggest a low-yield blast. Other sensors were negative or equivocal, and no definitive explanation has yet been made public.[edit] Laser MASINTThis discipline includes both measuring the performance of lasers of interest, and using lasers as part of MASINT sensors. With respect to foreign lasers, focus of the collection is on laser detection, laser threat warning, and precise measurement of the frequencies, power levels, wave propagation, determination of power source, and other technical and operating characteristics associated with laser systems strategic and tactical weapons, range finders, and illuminators.[4]In addition to passive measurements of other lasers, the MASINT system can use active lasers (LIDAR) for distance measurements, but also for destructive remote sensing that provides energized material for spectroscopy. Close-in lasers could do chemical (i.e., materials MASINT) analysis of samples vaporized by lasers.Laser systems are largely at a proof of concept level.[12] One promising area is a synthetic imaging system that would be able to create images through forest canopy, but the current capability is much less than existing SAR or EO systems.A more promising approach would image through obscurations such as dust, cloud, and haze, particularly in urban environments. The laser illuminator would send a pulse, and the receiver would capture only the first photons to return, minimizing scattering and blooming.Use of LIDAR for precision elevation and mapping is much closer, and again chiefly in urban situations.[edit] Spectroscopic MASINTSpectroscopy can be applied either to targets that are already excited, such as an engine exhaust, or stimulated with a laser or other energy source. It is not an imaging technique, although it can be used to extract greater information from images.Where an IMINT sensor would take a picture that fills a frame, the Spectroscopic MASINT sensor gives a list, by coordinate, of wavelengths and energy. Multispectral IMINT is likely to discriminate more wavelengths, especially if it extends into the IR or UV, than a human being, even with an excellent color sense, could discriminate.The results plot energy versus frequency. A spectral plot represents radiant intensity versus wavelength at an instant in time. The number of spectral bands in a sensor system determines the amount of detail that can be obtained about the source of the object being viewed. Sensor systems range frommultispectral (2 to 100 bands) tohyperspectral (100 to 1,000 bands) toultraspectral (1,000+ bands).More bands provide more discrete information, or greater resolution. The characteristic emission and absorption spectra serve to fingerprint or define the makeup of the feature that was observed. A radiometric plot represents the radiant intensity versus time; there can be plots at multiple bands or wavelengths. For each point along a time-intensity radiometric plot, a spectral plot can be generated based on the number of spectral bands in the collector, such as the radiant intensity plot of a missile exhaust plume as the missile is in flight. The intensity or brightness of the object is a function of several conditions including its temperature, surface properties or material, and how fast it is moving.[4] Remember that additional, non-electro-optical sensors, such as ionizing radiation detectors, can correlate with these bands.Advancing optical spectroscopy was identified as a high priority by a National Science Foundation workshop[13] in supporting counterterrorism and general intelligence community needs. These needs were seen as most critical in the WMD context. The highest priority was increasing the sensitivity of spectroscopic scanners, since, if an attack has not actually taken place, the threat needs to be analyzed remotely. In the real world of attempting early warning, expecting to get a signature of something, which is clearly a weapon, is unrealistic. Consider that the worst chemical poisoning in history was an industrial accident, the Bhopal disaster. The participants suggested that the "intelligence community must exploit signatures of feedstock materials, precursors, by-products of testing or production, and other inadvertent or unavoidable signatures." False positives are inevitable, and other techniques need to screen them out.Second to detectability, as a priority was rejecting noise and background. It is especially difficult for biowarfare agents, which are the greatest WMD challenge to detect by remote sensing rather than laboratory analysis of a sample. Methods may need to depend on signal enhancement, by clandestine dispersion of reagents in the area of interest, which variously could emit or absorb particular spectra. Fluorescent reactions are well known in the laboratory; could they be done remotely and secretly? Other approaches could pump the sample with an appropriately tuned laser, perhaps at several wavelengths. The participants stressed that the need to miniaturize sensors, which might enter the area in question using unmanned sensors, including miniaturized aerial, surface, and even subsurface vehicles.Electro-optical spectroscopy is one means of chemical detection, especially using nondispersive infrared spectroscopy is one MASINT technology that lends itself to early warning of deliberate or actual releases. In general, however, chemical sensors tend to use a combination of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, which are more associated with materials MASINT. See Chemical Warfare and Improvised Chemical Devices.Laser excitation with multispectral return analysis is a promising chemical and possibly biological analysis method.[12][edit] Multispectral MASINTSYERS 2, on the high-altitude U-2 reconnaissance aircraft, is the only operational airborne military multi-spectral sensor, providing 7 bands of visual and infrared imagery at high resolution.[12][edit] Hyperspectral MASINTHyperspectral MASINT involves the synthesis of images as seen by visible and near infrared light. US MASINT in this area is coordinated by the Hyperspectral MASINT Support to Military Operations (HYMSMO) project. This MASINT technology differs from IMINT in that it attempts to understand the physical characteristics of what is seen, not just what it looks like.[14].Hyperspectral imaging typically needs multiple imaging modalitiesd, such as whiskbroom, pushbroom, tomographic, intelligent filters, and time series.[edit] Design IssuesSome of the major issues in visible and infrared hyperspectral processing include atmospheric correction, for the visible and short wave infrared[15]. (0.4 - 2.5 micrometer) dictate sensor radiances need to be converted to surface reflectances. This dictates a need for measuring, and connecting for:atmospheric absorption and scatteringaerosol optical depth,water vapor,correction for the effect of bi-directional reflectance distribution function,blurring due to the adjacency effect and retrieval of reflectance in shadows.Hyperspectral, as opposed to multispectral, processing gives the potential of improved spectral signature measurement from airborne and spaceborne sensor platforms. Sensors on these platforms, however, must compensate for atmospheric effects. Such compensation is easiest with high contrast targets sensed through well-behaved atmosphere with even, reliable illumination, the real world will not always be so cooperative. For more complicated situations, one can not simply compensate for the atmospheric and illumination conditions by taking them out. The Invariant Algorithm for target detection was designed to find many possible combinations of these conditions for the image [16][edit] SensorsMultiple organizations, with several reference sensors, are collecting libraries of hyperspectral signatures, starting with undisturbed areas such as deserts, forests, cities, etc.AHI, the Airborne Hyperspectral Imager [17], a hyperspectral sensor operating in the long-wave infrared spectrum for DARPA’s Hyperspectral Mine Detection (HMD) program. AHI is a helicopter-borne LWIR hyperspectral imager with real time on-board radiometric calibration and mine detection.COMPASS, the Compact Airborne Spectral Sensor, a day-only sensor for 384 bands between from 400 to 2350 nm, being developed by the Army Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD)[12].HyLite, Army day/night Hyperspectral Longwave Imager for the Tactical Environment [12]HYDICE, the HYperspectral Digital Imagery Collection Experiment [18] built by Hughes Danbury Optical Systems and flight tested on a Convair 580.SPIRITT, the Air Force's Spectral Infrared Remote Imaging Transition Testbed [19], a day/night, long range reconnaissance imaging testbed composed of a hyperspectral sensor system with integrated high resolution imaging[edit] Signature LibrariesUnder the HYMSMO program, there have been a number of studies to build hyperspectral imaging signatures in various kinds of terrain[20]. Signatures of undisturbed forest, desert, island and urban areas are being recorded with sensors including COMPASS, HYDICE and SPIRITT. Many of these areas are also being analyzed with complementary sensors including synthetic aperture radar (SAR).Hyperspectral Signature Library DevelopmentOperation/EnvironmentDateLocationDesert Radiance I[21]October 1994White Sands Missile Range, New MexicoDesert Radiance IIJune 1995Yuma Proving Grounds, ArizonaForest Radiance I[22] (also had urban and waterfront components)August 1995Aberdeen Proving Grounds, MarylandIsland Radiance I[23] (also had lake, ocean and shallow water components)October 1995Lake Tahoe, California/Nevada; Kaneohe Bay, HawaiiA representative test range, with and without buried metal, is the Steel Crater Test Area at the Yuma Proving Grounds[24]. This was developedfor radar measurements, but is comparable to other signature development areas for other sensors and may be used for hyperspectral sensing of buried objects.[edit] ApplicationsIn applications of intelligence interest, the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL) has demonstrated that hyperspectral sensing allows discrimination of refined signatures, based on a large number of narrow frequency bands across a wide spectrum[25]. These techniques can identify include military vehicle paints, characteristic of particular countries' signatures. They can differentiate camouflage from real vegetation. By detecting disturbances in earth, they can detect a wide variety of both excavation and buried materials. Roads and surfaces that have been lightly or heavily trafficked will produce different measurements than the reference signatures.It can detect specific types of foliage supporting drug-crop identification; disturbed soil supporting the identification of mass graves, minefields, caches, underground facilities or cut foliage; and variances in soil, foliage, and hydrologic features often supporting NBC contaminant detection. This was done previously with false-color infrared photographic film, but electronics are faster and more flexible.[14][edit] Minefield detectionJHU/APL target-detection algorithms have been applied to the Army Wide Area Airborne Minefield Detection (WAAMD) program’s desert and forest. By using the COMPASS and AHI hyperspectral sensors, robust detection of both surface and buried minefields is achieved with very low false alarm rates.[edit] Underground ConstructionHyperspectral imaging can detect disturbed earth and foliage. In in concert with other methods such as coherent change detection radar, which can precisely measure changes in the height of the ground surface. Together, these can detect underground construction.While still at a research level, Gravitimetric MASINT can, with these other MASINT sensors, give precise location information for deeply buried command centers, WMD facilities, and other critical target. It remains a truism that once a target can be located, it can be killed. "Bunker-buster" nuclear weapons are not needed when multiple precision guided bombs can successively deepen a hole until the no-longer-protected structure is reached.[edit] Urban Spectral Target DetectionUsing data collected over US cities by the Army COMPASS and Air Force SPIRITT sensors, JHU/APL target detection algorithms are being applied to urban hyperspectral signatures. The ability to robustly detect unique spectral targets in urban areas denied for ground inspection, with limited ancillary information will assist in the development and deployment of future operational hyperspectral systems overseas.[25][edit] Mass GravesPeace operations and war crimes investigation may require the detection of often-clandestine mass graves. Clandestinity makes it difficult to get witness testimony, or use technologies that require direct access to the suspected grave site (e.g., ground penetrating radar). Hyperspectral imaging from aircraft or satellites can provide remotely sensed reflectance spectra to help detect such graves. Imaging of an experimental mass grave and a real-world mass grave show that hyperspectral remote imaging is a powerful method for finding mass graves in real time, or, in some cases, retrospectively[26].[edit] Ground Order of Battle Target DetectionJHU/APL target detection algorithms have been applied to the HYMSMO desert and forest libraries, and can reveal camouflage, concealment and deception protecting ground miitary equipment. Other algorithms have been demonstrated, using HYDICE data, that they can identify lines of communication based on the disturbance of roads and other ground surfaces.[25][edit] Biomass EstimationKnowing the fractions of vegetation and soil is of helps estimate the biomass. Biomass is not extremely important for military operations, but gives information for national-level economic and environmental intelligence. Detailed hyperspectral imagery such as the leaf chemical content (nitrogen, proteins, lignin and water) can be relevant to counterdrug surveillance[27].[edit] Space-based Staring Infrared SensorsThe US, in 1970, launched the first of a series of space-based staring array sensors that detected and located infrared heat signatures, typically from rocket motors but also from other intense heat sources. Such signatures, which are associated with measurement of energy and location, are not pictures in the IMINT sense. Currently called the Satellite Early Warning System (SEWS), the program is the descendant of several generations of Defense Support Program (DSP) spacecraft. The USSR/Russian Prognoz spacecraft has been described, by US sources, as having similar capabilities to DSP [28].DSP satellite deployment during STS-44Originally intended to detect the intense heat of an ICBM launch, this system proved useful at a theater level in 1990-1991. It detected the launch of Iraqi Scud missiles in time to give early warning to potential targets.[edit] Shallow Water OperationsSeveral new technologies will be needed for shallow-water naval operations[8]. Since acoustic sensors (i.e., passive hydrophones and active sonar) perform less effectively in shallow waters than in the open seas, there is a strong pressure to develop additional sensors.One family of techniques, which will require electro-optical sensors to detect, is bioluminescence: light generated by the movement of a vessel through plankton and other marine life. Another family, which may be solved with electro-optical methods, radar, or a combination, is detecting wakes of surface vessels, as well as effects on the water surface caused by underwater vessels and weapons.[edit] References^ Interagency OPSEC Support Staff (IOSS) (May 1996). "Operations Security Intelligence Threat Handbook: Section 2, Intelligence Collection Activities and Disciplines". http://www.fas.org/irp/nsa/ioss/threat96/part03.htm. Retrieved 2007-10-03. ^ Lum, Zachary (August 1998). "The measure of MASINT". Journal of Electronic Defense. http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/library/news/1998/08/MASINT.htm. Retrieved 2007-10-04. ^ Center for MASINT Studies and Research. "Center for MASINT Studies and Research". Air Force Institute of Technology. http://www.afit.edu/cmsr/. Retrieved 2007-10-03. ^ a b c US Army (May 2004). "Chapter 9: Measurement and Signals Intelligence". Field Manual 2-0, Intelligence. Department of the Army. https://atiam.train.army.mil/soldierPortal/atia/adlsc/view/public/10536-1/FM/2-0/chap9.htm. Retrieved 2007-10-03. ^ Pike, John. "COBRA BALL". http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/systems/cobra_ball.htm. Retrieved 2000-10-06. ^ Daniel W. Caldwell. "Radar planning, preparation and employment of 3-tiered coverage: LCMR, Q-36 and Q-37". http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Radar+planning,+preparation+and+employment+of+3-tiered+coverage:...-a0123856463. Retrieved 2000-10-19. ^ Mabe, R.M. et al.. "Rocket Artillery Launch Spotter (RLS)" (PDF). http://www.nrl.navy.mil/Review06/images/06Optical(Mabe).pdf. Retrieved 2007-12-01. ^ a b National Academy of Sciences Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources (April 29-May 2, 1991). "Symposium on Naval Warfare and Coastal Oceanography". http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=9946&page=1. Retrieved 2007-10-17. ^ Sublette, Carey. "Big Ivan, The Tsar Bomba (“King of Bombs”): The World's Largest Nuclear Weapon". http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/Russia/TsarBomba.html. Retrieved 2007-10-31. ^ History Division, Strategic Air Command. "SAC Reconnaissance History, January 1968-June 1971" (PDF). http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB184/FR28.pdf. Retrieved 2000-10-16. ^ Office of the Historian, Strategic Air Command. "History of SAC Reconnaissance Operations, FY 1974" (PDF). http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB184/FR29.pdf. Retrieved 2000-10-16. ^ a b c d e Office of the Secretary of Defense. "Unmanned Aircraft Systems Roadmap 2005-2030" (PDF). http://www.fas.org/irp/program/collect/uav_roadmap2005.pdf. Retrieved 2007-12-02. ^ Moniz, Ernest J.; Baldeschwieler, John D. (August 2003) (PDF). Approaches to Combat Terrorism (ACT): Report of a Joint Workshop Exploring the Role of the Mathematical and Physical Sciences in Support of Basic Research Needs of the U.S. Intelligence Community. National Science Foundation. Moniz 2003. http://www.nsf.gov/attachments/102809/public/ACT.pdf. Retrieved 2007-10-21. ^ a b Gatz, Nahum (February 23, 2006). "Hyperspectral Technology Overview". NASIC Distinguished Lecture Series in Remote Sensing. Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio: Center for MASINT Studies and Research. Gatz 2006. http://www.afit.edu/cmsr/WPMDC/lectures.cfm. Retrieved 2007-10-04. ^ Goetz, Alexander (February 3, 2006). "Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Earth: Science, Sensors and Applications". NASIC Distinguished Lecture Series in Remote Sensing. Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio: Center for MASINT Studies and Research. http://www.afit.edu/cmsr/WPMDC/lectures.cfm. Retrieved 2007-10-04. ^ Gold, Rachel (May 2005). "Performance Analysis of the Invariant Algorithm for Target Detection in Hyperspectral Imagery" (PDF). http://www.cis.rit.edu/education/ugrad/SeniorResearch/Gold-2005-bs.pdf. Retrieved 2007-12-01. ^ Lucey, P.G. et al.. "An Airborne Hyperspectral Imager for Hyperspectral Mine Detection". http://www.higp.hawaii.edu/ahi/paper.html. ^ Nischan, Melissa; John Kerekes, Jerrold Baum, Robert Basedow (1999-07-19). "Analysis of HYDICE noise characteristics and their impact on subpixel object detection". Proceedings of Imaging Spectrometry 3753: 112�123. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/3210. ^ "Spectral Infrared Remote Imaging Transition Testbed". Commerce Business Daily. 2000-12-21. http://www.fbodaily.com/cbd/archive/2000/12(December)/26-Dec-2000/asol005.htm. Retrieved 2007-12-02. ^ Bergman, Steven M. (December 1996) (PDF). The Utility of Hyperspectral Data in Detecting and Discriminating Actual and Decoy Target Vehicles. US Naval Postgraduate School. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA327453. Retrieved 2007-12-02. ^ Fay, Matthew E. (1997). An Analysis of Hyperspectral Data collected during Operation Desert Radiance. US Naval Postgraduate School. NPS-Fay-1995. http://stinet.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA302643. ^ Olsen, R.C.; S. Bergman and R. G. Resmini (1997) (PDF). Target detection in a forest environment using spectral imagery. US Naval Postgraduate School. http://www.nps.edu/faculty/olsen/Remote_sensing/SPIE_1997_Bergman.pdf. ^ Stuffle, L. Douglas (December, 1996). Bathymetry by Hyperspectral Imagery. US Naval Postgraduate School. http://www.nps.edu/faculty/olsen/Olsen_thesis_students.htm. ^ Clyde C. DeLuca; Vincent Marinelli , Marc Ressler, and Tuan Ton. "Unexploded Ordnance Detection Experiments Using Ultra-Wideband Synthetic Aperture Radar" (PDF). https://www.denix.osd.mil/denix/Public/News/OSD/UXO/Conferences/Forum/Deluca.pdf. ^ a b c Kolodner, Marc A.. "Hyperspectral Exploitation Program" (PDF). http://www.jhuapl.edu/nss/documents/fact_sheets/07-00963-1HEPv2.pdf. Retrieved 2007-12-01. ^ Kalacska, M.; L.S. Bell (March 2006). "Remote Sensing as a Tool for the Detection of Clandestine Mass Graves". Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal 39 (1). http://ww2.csfs.ca/CSFS_Journal.aspx?ID=46&year=2006. Retrieved 2007-12-02. ^ Borel, Christoph C. (July 17, 2007). "Challenging Image Analysis Problems in the Exploitation of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Data for the Visible and Infrared Spectral Region". NASIC Distinguished Lecture Series in Remote Sensing. Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio: Center for MASINT Studies and Research. http://www.afit.edu/cmsr/WPMDC/lectures.cfm. Retrieved 2007-10-04. ^ Interagency OPSEC Support Staff (May 1996). "Operations Security Intelligence Threat Handbook, Section 3, Adversary Foreign Intelligence Operations". http://www.fas.org/irp/nsa/ioss/threat96/part03.htm. v ? d ? eIntelligence cycle managementIntelligencecollectionmanagementHUMINT/Human IntelligenceClandestine HUMINT (recruiting ・  operational techniques ・  Covert action ・  Direct action ・  Clandestine cell system)Special reconnaissance (organizations)Espionage (Agent handling ・  Black bag operation ・  Concealment device ・  Cryptography ・  Cut-out ・  Dead drop ・  Eavesdropping ・  False flag operations ・  Honeypot ・  Non-official cover ・  Interrogation ・  Numbers messaging ・  One-way voice link ・  Steganography ・  Surveillance)SIGINT/Signals IntelligenceSIGINT by Alliances, Nations and Industries ・  SIGINT Operational Platforms by Nation ・  SIGINT in Modern History ・  TEMPEST ・  Direction finding ・  Traffic analysisMASINT/Measurement andSignature IntelligenceElectro-optical ・  Nuclear ・  Geophysical ・  Radar ・  Radiofrequency ・  Materials ・  Casualty estimationOthersOSINT/Open Source Intelligence ・  IMINT/Imagery Intelligence ・  GEOINT/Geospatial Intelligence ・  FININT/Financial Intelligence ・  TECHINT/Technical intelligenceIntelligenceanalysismanagementIntelligence analysis ・  Cognitive traps for intelligence analysis ・  Words of Estimative Probability ・  Analysis of Competing Hypotheses ・  Intelligence cycle (target-centric approach)IntelligencedisseminationmanagementIntelligence cycle security ・  Counter-intelligence ・  Counter-intelligence and counter-terrorism organizations ・  List of counterintelligence organizations ・  Counterintelligence failuresRetrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electro-optical_MASINT"Categories: Intelligence gathering disciplines | Military intelligence collection | Intelligence (information gathering)Personal toolsNew featuresLog in / create accountNamespacesArticleDiscussionVariantsViewsReadEditView historyActionsSearchNavigationMain pageContentsFeatured contentCurrent eventsRandom articleInteractionAbout WikipediaCommunity portalRecent changesContact WikipediaDonate to WikipediaHelpToolboxWhat links hereRelated changesUpload fileSpecial pagesPermanent linkCite this pagePrint/exportCreate a bookDownload as PDFPrintable version This page was last modified on 16 April 2010 at 17:08.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;additional terms may apply.See Terms of Use for details.Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.Contact usPrivacy policyAbout WikipediaDisclaimers




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Waiting for Godot - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Waiting for GodotFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation,searchWaiting for Godot1st English edition (Grove Press) translated by the authorWritten bySamuel BeckettCharactersVladimirEstragonPozzoLuckyA BoyMuteGodotDate premiered5 January 1953 (1953-01-05)Place premieredThéatre de Babylone, ParisOriginal languageFrenchWaiting for Godot (pronounced /?�?do?/) is an absurdist play by Samuel Beckett, in which two characters, Vladimir and Estragon, wait for someone named Godot. Godot's absence, as well as numerous other aspects of the play, have led to many different interpretations since the play's premiere. The play is considered by some critics to be one of the most prominent works of the "Theatre of the Absurd".Voted "the most significant English language play of the 20th century",[1] Waiting for Godot is Beckett's translation of his own original French version, En attendant Godot, and is subtitled (in English only) "a tragicomedy in two acts".[2] The original French text was composed between 9 October 1948 and 29 January 1949.[3] The première was on 5 January 1953 in the Théatre de Babylone. The production was directed by Roger Blin, who also played the role of Pozzo.Contents1 Plot synopsis1.1 Act I1.2 Act II2 Characters2.1 Vladimir and Estragon2.2 Pozzo and Lucky2.3 The Boys2.4 Godot3 Setting4 Writing process5 Interpretations5.1 Political5.2 Psychological5.2.1 Freudian (Sigmund Freud, a psychoanalyst)5.2.2 Jungian (Carl Jung, personality studies/behaviorist)5.3 Philosophical5.3.1 Existential5.3.2 Ethical5.4 Christian5.5 Autobiographical5.6 Homoerotic5.7 Beckett's objection to female actors6 Production history7 Related works8 Works inspired by Godot9 References10 External links[edit] Plot synopsis[edit] Act IWaiting for Godot follows two days in the lives of a pair of men who divert themselves while they wait expectantly, and unsuccessfully for someone named Godot to arrive. They claim him as an acquaintance but in fact hardly know him, admitting that they would not recognise him were they to see him. To occupy themselves, they eat, sleep, converse, argue, sing, play games, exercise, swap hats, and contemplate suicide ― anything "to hold the terrible silence at bay".[4]The play opens with the character Estragon struggling to remove his boot from his foot. Estragon eventually gives up, muttering, "Nothing to be done." His friend Vladimir takes up the thought and muses on it, the implication being that nothing is a thing that has to be done and this pair is going to have to spend the rest of the play doing it.[5] When Estragon finally succeeds in removing his boot, he looks and feels inside but finds nothing. Just prior to this, Vladimir peers into his hat. The motif recurs throughout the play.The pair discuss repentance, particularly in relation to the two thieves crucified alongside Jesus, and that only one of the Four Evangelists mentions that one of them was saved. This is the first of numerous Biblical references in the play, which may be linked to its putative central theme of the search for and reconciliation with God, as well as salvation: "We're saved!" they cry on more than one occasion when they feel that Godot may be near.Presently, Vladimir expresses his frustration with Estragon's limited conversational skills: "Come on, Gogo, return the ball, can't you, once in a way?" Estragon struggles in this regard throughout the play, and Vladimir generally takes the lead in their dialogue and encounters with others. Vladimir is at times hostile towards his companion, but in general they are close, frequently embracing and supporting one another.Estragon peers out into the audience and comments on the bleakness of his surroundings. He wants to depart but is told that they cannot because they must wait for Godot. The pair cannot agree, however, on whether or not they are in the right place or that this is the arranged day for their meeting with Godot; indeed, they are not even sure what day it is. Throughout the play, experienced time is attenuated, fractured or eerily non-existent.[6] The only thing that they are fairly sure about is that they are to meet at a tree: there is one nearby.Estragon dozes off, but Vladimir is not interested in hearing about his dream after rousing him. Estragon wants to hear an old joke about a brothel, which Vladimir starts but cannot finish, as he is suddenly compelled to rush off and urinate. He does not finish the story when he returns, asking Estragon instead what else they might do to pass the time. Estragon suggests that they hang themselves, but they quickly abandon the idea when it seems that they might not both die: this would leave one of them alone, an intolerable notion. They decide to do nothing: "It's safer," explains Estragon,[7] before asking what Godot is going to do for them when he arrives. For once it is Vladimir who struggles to remember: "Oh ... nothing very definite," is the best that he can manage.[7]When Estragon declares that he is hungry, Vladimir provides a carrot, most of which, and without much relish, the former eats. The diversion ends as it began, Estragon announcing that they still have nothing to do.Their waiting is interrupted by the passing through of Pozzo and his heavily-laden slave Lucky. "A terrible cry"[8] from the wings heralds the initial entrance of Lucky, who has a rope tied around his neck. He crosses half the stage before his master appears holding the other end. Pozzo barks orders at his slave and frequently calls him a "pig", but is civil towards the other two. They mistake him at first for Godot and clearly do not recognise him for the self-proclaimed personage he is. This irks him, but, while maintaining that the land that they are on is his, he acknowledges that "the road is free to all".[9]Deciding to rest for a while, Pozzo enjoys a pre-packed meal of chicken and wine. Finished, he casts the bones aside, and Estragon jumps at the chance to ask for them, much to Vladimir's embarrassment, but is told that they belong to the carrier. He must first, therefore, ask Lucky if he wants them. Estragon tries, but Lucky only hangs his head, refusing to answer. Taking this as a "no", Estragon claims the bones.Vladimir takes Pozzo to task regarding his mistreatment of his slave, but his protestations are ignored. When the original pairing tries to find out why Lucky does not put down his load (at least not unless his master is prevailing on him to do something else), Pozzo explains that Lucky is attempting to mollify him to prevent him from selling him. At this, Lucky begins to cry. Pozzo provides a handkerchief, but, when Estragon tries to wipe his tears away, Lucky kicks him in the shins.Before he leaves, Pozzo asks if he can do anything for the pair in exchange for the consort that they have accorded him. Estragon tries to ask for some money, but Vladimir cuts him short, explaining that they are not beggars. They nevertheless accept an offer to have Lucky dance and think.The dance is clumsy and shuffling, and everyone is disappointed. Lucky's "think", induced by Vladimir's putting his hat on his head, is a lengthy and disjointed verbal stream of consciousness.[10] The soliloquy begins relatively coherently but quickly dissolves into logorrhoea and only ends when Vladimir rips off Lucky's hat.Once Lucky has been revived, Pozzo has him pack up his things and, together, they leave. At the end of the act (and its successor), a boy arrives, purporting to be a messenger sent from Godot, to advise the pair that he will not be coming that "evening but surely tomorrow."[11] During Vladimir's interrogation of the boy, he asks if he came the day before, making it apparent that the two men have been waiting for an indefinite period and will likely continue to wait ad infinitum. After the boy departs, they decide to leave but make no attempt to do so, an action repeated in Act II, as the curtain is drawn.[edit] Act IIAct II opens with Vladimir singing a recursive round about a dog which serves to illustrate the cyclical nature of the play's universe, and also points toward the play's debt to the carnivalesque, music hall traditions, and vaudeville comedy (this is only one of a number of canine references and allusions in the play). There is a bit of realisation on Vladimir's part that the world they are trapped in evinces convoluted progression (or lack thereof) of time. He begins to see that although there is notional evidence of linear progression, basically he is living the same day over and over. Eugene Webb writes of Vladimir's song that [12] "Time in the song is not a linear sequence, but an endlessly reiterated moment, the content of which is only one eternal event: death."[13]Once again Estragon maintains he spent the night in a ditch and was beaten � by "ten of them"[14] this time � though once again he shows no sign of injury. Vladimir tries to talk to him about what appears to be a seasonal change in the tree and the proceedings of the day before, but he has only a vague recollection. Vladimir tries to get Estragon to remember Pozzo and Lucky but all he can call to mind are the bones and getting kicked. Vladimir realises here an opportunity to produce tangible evidence of the previous day's events. With some difficulty he gets Estragon to show him his leg. There is a wound which is beginning to fester. It is then Vladimir notices that Estragon is not wearing any boots.He discovers the pair of boots, which Estragon insists are not his. Nevertheless, when he tries them on they fit. There being no carrots left, Vladimir offers Estragon the choice between a turnip and a radish. He opts for the radish but it is black and he hands it back. He decides to try and sleep again and adopts the same fetal position as the previous day. Vladimir sings him a lullaby.Vladimir notices Lucky's hat, and he decides to try it on. This leads to a frenetic hat swapping scene. They play at imitating Pozzo and Lucky, but Estragon can barely remember having met them and simply does what Vladimir asks. They fire insults at each other and then make up. After that, they attempt some physical jerks which do not work out well, and even attempt a single yoga position, which fails miserably.Pozzo and Lucky then arrive, with Pozzo now blind and insisting that Lucky is dumb. The rope is now much shorter and Lucky � who has acquired a new hat � leads Pozzo, rather than being driven by him. Pozzo has lost all notion of time, and assures them he cannot remember meeting them the day before, and that he does not expect to remember the current day's events when they are over.They fall in a heap at one point. Estragon sees an opportunity to extort more food or to exact revenge on Lucky for kicking him. The issue is debated at length. Pozzo offers them money but Vladimir sees more worth in their entertainment value since they are compelled to wait to see if Godot arrives anyway. Eventually though, they all find their way onto their feet.Whereas the Pozzo in Act I is a windbag, since he has become blind he appears to have gained some insight. His parting words � which Vladimir expands upon later � eloquently encapsulate the brevity of human existence: "They give birth astride of a grave, the light gleams an instant, then it's night once more."[15]Lucky and Pozzo depart. The same boy returns to inform them not to expect Godot today, but he would arrive the next day. The two again consider suicide but their rope, Estragon's belt, breaks in two when they tug on it. Estragon's trousers fall down, but he does not notice until Vladimir tells him to pull them up. They resolve to bring a more suitable piece and hang themselves the next day, if Godot fails to arrive.Again, they agree to leave but neither of them makes any move to go.[edit] CharactersBeckett refrained from elaborating on the characters beyond what he had written in the play. He once recalled them when Sir Ralph Richardson "wanted the low-down on Pozzo, his home address and curriculum vitae, and seemed to make the forthcoming of this and similar information the condition of his condescending to illustrate the part of Vladimir ... I told him that all I knew about Pozzo was in the text, that if I had known more I would have put it in the text, and that was true also of the other characters."[16][edit] Vladimir and EstragonWhen Beckett started writing he did not have a visual image of Vladimir and Estragon. They are never referred to as tramps in the text. Roger Blin advises: "Beckett heard their voices, but he couldn't describe his characters to me. [He said]: 'The only thing I'm sure of is that they're wearing bowlers.'"[17] "The bowler hat was of course de rigueur for male persons in many social contexts when Beckett was growing up in Foxrock (when he first came back with his beret ... his mother suggested that he was letting the family down by not wearing a bowler), and [his father] commonly wore one."[18]There are no physical descriptions of either of the two characters; however, the text indicates that Vladimir is likely the heavier of the pair. The bowlers and other broadly comic aspects of their personas have reminded modern audiences of Laurel and Hardy, who occasionally played tramps in their films. "The hat-passing game in Waiting For Godot and Lucky's inability to think without his hat on are two obvious Beckett derivations from Laurel and Hardy - a substitution of form for essence, covering for reality," wrote Gerald Mast in The Comic Mind: Comedy and the Movies (Univ. of Chicago Press, 2nd ed. 1979). Beckett also alludes to the comedy team specifically in his novel Watt (1953), when a healthy shrub is described at one point as "a hardy laurel".Vladimir stands through most of the play whereas Estragon sits down numerous times and even dozes off. "Estragon is inert and Vladimir restless."[19] Vladimir looks at the sky and muses on religious or philosophical matters. Estragon "belongs to the stone",[20] preoccupied with mundane things, what he can get to eat and how to ease his physical aches and pains; he is direct, intuitive. He finds it hard to remember but can recall certain things when prompted, e.g. when Vladimir asks: "Do you remember the Gospels?"[21] Estragon tells him about the coloured maps of the Holy Land and that he planned to honeymoon by the Dead Sea; it is his short-term memory that is poorest and points to the fact that he may, in fact, be suffering from Alzheimer's disease.[22] Al Alvarez writes: "But perhaps Estragon's forgetfulness is the cement binding their relationship together. He continually forgets, Vladimir continually reminds him; between them they pass the time."[23] They have been together for fifty years but when asked � by Pozzo � they do not reveal their actual ages.Vladimir's life is not without its discomforts too but he is the more resilient of the pair. "Vladimir's pain is primarily mental anguish, which would thus account for his voluntary exchange of his hat for Lucky's, thus signifying Vladimir's symbolic desire for another person's thoughts."[24]Throughout the play the couple refer to each other by pet names, "Didi" and "Gogo" although one of the boys addresses Vladimir as "Mister Albert". Beckett originally intended to call Estragon, Lévy but when Pozzo questions him he gives his name as "Magrégor, André"[25] and also responds to "Catulle" in French or "Catullus" in the first Faber edition. This became "Adam" in the American edition. Beckett's only explanation was that he was "fed up with Catullus".[26]Vivian Mercier � famous for describing Waiting for Godot as a play which "has achieved a theoretical impossibility―a play in which nothing happens, that yet keeps audiences glued to their seats. What's more, since the second act is a subtly different reprise of the first, he has written a play in which nothing happens, twice." (Irish Times, 18 February 1956, p. 6.)[27] � once questioned Beckett on the language used by the pair: "It seemed to me ... he made Didi and Gogo sound as if they had earned Ph.D.s. 'How do you know they hadn't?' was his reply."[28] They clearly have known better times, a visit to the Eiffel Tower and grape-harvesting by the Rh?ne; it is about all either has to say about their pasts. In the first stage production, which Beckett oversaw, both are "more shabby-genteel than ragged ... Vladimir at least is capable of being scandalised ... on a matter of etiquette when Estragon begs for chicken bones or money."[29][edit] Pozzo and LuckyMehdi Bajestani as Lucky (from a production by Naqshineh Theatre).Although Beckett refused to be drawn on the backgrounds of the characters this has not stopped actors looking for their own motivation. Jean Martin had a doctor friend called Marthe Gautier, who was working at the Salpêtrière Hospital, and he said to her: "'Listen, Marthe, what could I find that would provide some kind of physiological explanation for a voice like the one written in the text?' [She] said: 'Well, it might be a good idea if you went to see the people who have Parkinson's disease.' So I asked her about the disease ... She explained how it begins with a trembling, which gets more and more noticeable, until later the patient can no longer speak without the voice shaking. So I said, 'That sounds exactly what I need.'"[30] "Sam and Roger were not entirely convinced by my interpretation but had no objections."[31] When he explained to Beckett that he was playing Lucky as if he were suffering from Parkinson's, Beckett said, "'Yes, of course.' He mentioned briefly that his mother had had Parkinson's, but quickly moved on to another subject."[32]When Beckett was asked why Lucky was so named, he replied, "I suppose he is lucky to have no more expectations..."[33]It has been contended that "Pozzo and Lucky are simply Didi and Gogo writ large", unbalanced as their relationship is.[34] However, Pozzo's dominance is noted to be superficial; "upon closer inspection, it becomes evident that Lucky always possessed more influence in the relationship, for he danced, and more importantly, thought � not as a service, but in order to fill a vacant need of Pozzo: he committed all of these acts for Pozzo. As such, since the first appearance of the duo, the true slave had always been Pozzo."[24] Pozzo credits Lucky with having given him all the culture, refinement, and ability to reason that he possesses. His rhetoric has been learned by rote. Pozzo's "party piece" on the sky is a clear example: as his memory crumbles, he finds himself unable to continue under his own steam.Little is learned about Pozzo besides the fact that he is on his way to the fair to sell his slave, Lucky. He presents himself very much as the Ascendancy landlord, bullying and conceited. His pipe is made by Kapp and Peterson, Dublin's best-known tobacconists (their slogan was 'The thinking man's pipe') which he refers to as a "briar" but which Estragon calls a "dudeen" emphasising the differences in their social standing. He confesses to a poor memory but it is more a result of an abiding self-absorption. "Pozzo is a character who has to overcompensate. That's why he overdoes things ... and his overcompensation has to do with a deep insecurity in him. These were things Beckett said, psychological terms he used."[35]Pozzo controls Lucky by means of an extremely long rope which he jerks and tugs if Lucky is the least bit slow. Lucky is the absolutely subservient slave of Pozzo and he unquestioningly does his every bidding with "dog-like devotion".[36] He struggles with a heavy suitcase without ever thinking of dropping it. Lucky speaks only once in the play and it is a result of Pozzo's order to "think" for Estragon and Vladimir. Pozzo and Lucky had been together for sixty years and, in that time, their relationship has deteriorated. Lucky has always been the intellectually superior but now, with age, he has become an object of contempt: his "think" is a caricature of intellectual thought and his "dance" is a sorry sight. Despite his horrid treatment at Pozzo's hand however, Lucky remains completely faithful to him. Even in the second act when Pozzo has inexplicably gone blind, and needs to be led by Lucky rather than driving him as he had done before, Lucky remains faithful and has not tried to run away; they are clearly bound together by more than a piece of rope in the same way that Didi and Gogo are "[t]ied to Godot".[37] Beckett's advice to the American director Alan Schneider was: "[Pozzo] is a hypomaniac and the only way to play him is to play him mad."[19]"In his [English] translation ... Beckett struggled to retain the French atmosphere as much as possible, so that he delegated all the English names and places to Lucky, whose own name, he thought, suggested such a correlation."[38][edit] The BoysThe cast list specifies only one boy.The boy in Act I, a local lad, assures Vladimir that this is the first time he has seen him. He says he was not there the previous day. He confirms he works for Mr. Godot as a goatherd. His brother, whom Godot beats, is a shepherd. Godot feeds both of them and allows them to sleep in his hayloft.The boy in Act II also assures Vladimir that it was not he who called upon them the day before. He insists that this too is his first visit. When Vladimir asks what Godot does the boy tells him, "He does nothing, sir."[39] We also learn he has a white beard � possibly, the boy is not certain. This boy also has a brother who it seems is sick but there is no clear evidence to suggest that his brother is the boy that came in Act I or the one who came the day before that.As messengers from Godot, those who take a Christian interpretation of the play naturally cast the boys in the role of angels. [citation needed][edit] GodotThe identity of Godot has been the subject of much debate. "When Colin Duckworth asked Beckett point-blank whether Pozzo was Godot, the author replied: 'No. It is just implied in the text, but it's not true.'"[40]"When Roger Blin asked him who or what Godot stood for, Beckett replied that it suggested itself to him by the slang word for boot in French, godillot, godasse because feet play such a prominent role in the play. This is the explanation he has given most often."[41]"Beckett said to Peter Woodthorpe that he regretted calling the absent character 'Godot', because of all the theories involving God to which this had given rise.[42] "I also told [Ralph] Richardson that if by Godot I had meant God I would [have] said God, and not Godot. This seemed to disappoint him greatly."[43] That said, Beckett did once concede, "It would be fatuous of me to pretend that I am not aware of the meanings attached to the word 'Godot', and the opinion of many that it means 'God'. But you must remember � I wrote the play in French, and if I did have that meaning in my mind, it was somewhere in my unconscious and I was not overtly aware of it."[44] This is an interesting remark, especially considering that "Beckett has often stressed the strong unconscious impulses that partly control his writing; he has even spoken of being 'in a trance' when he writes."[45]Unlike elsewhere in Beckett's work, no bicycle appears in this play, but Hugh Kenner in his essay "The Cartesian Centaur" [46] reports that Beckett once, when asked about the meaning of Godot, mentioned "a veteran racing cyclist, bald, a 'stayer,' recurrent placeman in town-to-town and national championships, Christian name elusive, surname Godeau, pronounced, of course, no differently from Godot." Waiting for Godot is clearly not about track cycling, but is said that Beckett himself did wait for French cyclist Roger Godeau (1920�2000; a professional cyclist from 1943 to 1961), outside the velodrome in Roubaix.What if Godot were to arrive? The Christian reading of the play suggests that were this to happen only one of the two tramps would benefit. Of the two thieves crucified along with Jesus only one was saved, of the two boys who work for Godot only one appears safe from beatings, "Beckett said, only half-jokingly, that one of Estragon's feet was saved";[47] it is perhaps better for the pair of them that he does not come.The name "Godot" is pronounced in Britain and Ireland with the emphasis on the first syllable, /?�?do?/ (GOH (o-as-in "pot")-doh); in North America it is usually pronounced with an emphasis on the second syllable, /�??do?/ (g?-DOH). Beckett himself said the emphasis should be on the first syllable, and that the North American pronunciation is a mistake. [2] The T is silent.[edit] SettingThere is only one scene throughout both acts. Two men are waiting on a country road by a tree. The men are of unspecified origin, though it is clear that they are not English by nationality (and in English-language productions are traditionally played with Irish accents). The script calls for Estragon to sit on a low mound but in practice � as in Beckett's own 1975 German production � this is usually a stone. In the first act the tree is bare. In the second, a few leaves have appeared despite the script specifying that it is the next day. The minimal description calls to mind "the idea of the lieu vague, a location which should not be particularised".[48]Alan Schneider once suggested putting the play on in a round � Pozzo has often been commented on as a ringmaster[49] � but Beckett dissuaded him: "I don't in my ignorance agree with the round and feel Godot needs a very closed box." He even contemplated at one point having a "faint shadow of bars on stage floor" but, in the end, decided against this level of what he called "explicitation".[50] In his 1975 Schiller-Theatre production there are times when Didi and Gogo appear to bounce off something "like birds trapped in the strands of [an invisible] net", in James Knowlson's description. Didi and Gogo are only trapped because they still cling to the concept that freedom is possible; freedom is a state of mind, so is imprisonment.[edit] Writing processA painting by Caspar David Friedrich provided one source of inspiration for the play, according to Beckett. Ruby Cohn recalls seeing the painting Man and Woman Contemplating the Moon of 1824 with Beckett who "announced unequivocally, 'This was the source of Waiting for Godot, you know.'"[51] "He may well have confused two paintings since, at other times, he drew the attention of friends to Two Men Contemplating the Moon from 1819, in which two men dressed in cloaks and viewed from the rear are looking at a full moon framed by the black branches of a large, leafless tree."[52] In either case both paintings are similar enough that what he attested to could apply equally to either. However, some sources point to conversations between Suzanne Deschevaux-Dumesnil and Beckett in Roussillon as the inspiration for the work. Beckett admitted such in a New York Post interview by Jerry Tallmer [3].Ruby Cohn describes Beckett's writing of the play as an "escape from the increasingly despotic interiority of the fictional trilogy" - referring to Becket's Molloy, Malone Dies, and The Unnamable; Beckett claimed that he "began to write Godot as a relaxation,basket nike, to get away from the awful prose I was writing at the time."[53][edit] Interpretations"Because the play is so stripped down, so elemental, it invites all kinds of social and political and religious interpretation," wrote Normand Berlin in a tribute to the play in Autumn 1999, "with Beckett himself placed in different schools of thought, different movements and 'ism's. The attempts to pin him down have not been successful, but the desire to do so is natural when we encounter a writer whose minimalist art reaches for bedrock reality. 'Less' forces us to look for 'more,' and the need to talk about Godot and about Beckett has resulted in a steady outpouring of books and articles."[54][55]Throughout Waiting for Godot, the reader or viewer may encounter religious, philosophical, classical, psychoanalytical and biographical ― especially wartime ― references. There are ritualistic aspects and elements taken directly from vaudeville[56] and there is a danger in making more of these than what they are: that is, merely structural conveniences, avatars into which the writer places his fictional characters. The play "exploits several archetypal forms and situations, all of which lend themselves to both comedy and pathos."[57] Beckett makes this point emphatically clear in the opening notes to Film: "No truth value attaches to the above, regarded as of merely structural and dramatic convenience."[58] He made another important remark to Laurence Harvey, saying that his "work does not depend on experience ― [it is] not a record of experience. Of course you use it."[59]Beckett tired quickly of "the endless misunderstanding". As far back as 1955, he remarked, "Why people have to complicate a thing so simple I can't make out."[60] He was not forthcoming with anything more than cryptic clues, however: "Peter Woodthrope [who played Estragon] remembered asking him one day in a taxi what the play was really about: 'It's all symbiosis, Peter; it's symbiosis,' answered Beckett."[61]Beckett directed the play for the Schiller-Theatre in 1975. Although he had overseen many productions, this was the first time that he had taken complete control. Walter Asmus was his conscientious young assistant director. The production was not naturalistic. Beckett explained,It is a game, everything is a game. When all four of them are lying on the ground, that cannot be handled naturalistically. That has got to be done artificially, balletically. Otherwise everything becomes an imitation, an imitation of reality [...]. It should become clear and transparent, not dry. It is a game in order to survive."[62]Over the years, Beckett clearly realised that the greater part of Godot's success came down to the fact that it was open to a variety of readings and that this was not necessarily a bad thing. Beckett himself sanctioned "one of the most famous mixed-race productions of Godot, performed at the Baxter Theatre in the University of Cape Town, directed by Donald Howarth, with [...] two black actors, John Kani and Winston Ntshona, playing Didi and Gogo; Pozzo, dressed in checked shirt and gumboots reminiscent of an Afrikaner landlord, and Lucky ('a shanty town piece of white trash'[63]) were played by two white actors, Bill Flynn and Peter Piccolo [...]. The Baxter production has often been portrayed as if it were an explicitly political production, when in fact it received very little emphasis.[citation needed] What such a reaction showed, however, was that, although the play can in no way be taken as a political allegory, there are elements that are relevant to any local situation in which one man is being exploited or oppressed by another."[64][edit] Political"It was seen as an allegory of the cold war"[65] or of French resistance to the Germans. Graham Hassell writes, "[T]he intrusion of Pozzo and Lucky [...] seems like nothing more than a metaphor for Ireland's view of mainland Britain, where society has ever been blighted by a greedy ruling élite keeping the working classes passive and ignorant by whatever means."[66]The pair is often played with Irish accents, as in the Beckett on Film project. This, some feel, is an inevitable consequence of Beckett's rhythms and phraseology, but it is not stipulated in the text. At any rate, they are not of English stock: at one point early in the play, Estragon mocks the English pronunciation of "calm" and has fun with "the story of the Englishman in the brothel".[67][edit] Psychological[edit] Freudian (Sigmund Freud, a psychoanalyst)"Bernard Dukore develops a triadic theory in Didi, Gogo and the absent Godot, based on Freud's trinitarian description of the psyche in The Ego and the Id (1923) and the usage of onomastic techniques. Dukore defines the characters by what they lack: the rational Go-go embodies the incomplete ego, the missing pleasure principle: (e)go-(e)go. Di-di (id-id) ― who is more instinctual and irrational ― is seen as the backward id or subversion of the rational principle. Godot fulfils the function of the superego or moral standards. Pozzo and Lucky are just re-iterations of the main protagonists. Dukore finally sees Beckett's play as a metaphor for the futility of man's existence when salvation is expected from an external entity, and the self is denied introspection."[68][edit] Jungian (Carl Jung, personality studies/behaviorist)"The four archetypal personalities or the four aspects of the soul are grouped in two pairs: the ego and the shadow, the persona and the soul's image (animus or anima). The shadow is the container of all our despised emotions repressed by the ego. Lucky, the shadow serves as the polar opposite of the egocentric Pozzo, prototype of prosperous mediocrity, who incessantly controls and persecutes his subordinate, thus symbolising the oppression of the unconscious shadow by the despotic ego. Lucky's monologue in Act I appears as a manifestation of a stream of repressed unconsciousness, as he is allowed to "think" for his master. Estragon's name has another connotation, besides that of the aromatic herb, tarragon: "estragon" is a cognate of oestrogen, the female hormone (Carter, 130). This prompts us to identify him with the anima, the feminine image of Vladimir's soul. It explains Estragon's propensity for poetry, his sensitivity and dreams, his irrational moods. Vladimir appears as the complementary masculine principle, or perhaps the rational persona of the contemplative type."[69][edit] Philosophical[edit] ExistentialBroadly speaking, existentialists hold that there are certain fundamental questions that every human being must come to terms with if they are to take their subjective existences seriously and with intrinsic value. Questions such as death, the meaning of human existence and the place of (or lack of) God in that existence are among them. By and large, the theories of existentialism assert that conscious reality is very complex and without an "objective" or universally known value: the individual must create value by affirming it and living it, not by simply talking about it or philosophizing it in the mind. The play may be seen to touch on all of these issues.Much of Beckett's work ―including Godot― is often considered by philosophical and literary scholars to be part of the movement of the Theatre of the Absurd,chaussures de football, a form of theatre which stemmed from the Absurdist philosophy of Albert Camus. Absurdism itself is a branch off of the traditional assertions of existentialism, and posits that, while inherent meaning might very well exist in the universe, human beings are incapable of finding it due to some form of mental or philosophical limitation. Thus humanity is doomed to be faced with the Absurd, or the absolute absurdity of existence in lack of intrinsic purpose.[edit] EthicalJust after Didi and Gogo have been particularly selfish and callous, the boy comes to say that Godot is not coming. The boy (or pair of boys) may be seen to represent meekness and hope before compassion is consciously excluded by an evolving personality and character, and in which case may be the youthful Pozzo and Lucky. Thus Godot is compassion and fails to arrive every day, as he says he will. No-one is concerned that a boy is beaten.[70] In this interpretation, there is the irony that only by changing their hearts to be compassionate can the characters fixed to the tree move on and cease to have to wait for Godot.[edit] ChristianMuch can be read into Beckett's inclusion of the story of the two thieves from Luke 23:39�43 and the ensuing discussion of repentance. It is easy to see the solitary tree as representative of the Christian cross or, indeed, the tree of life. Similarly, because Lucky describes God as having a white beard, and Godot, if the boy's testimony is to be believed, also has a white beard, many see God and Godot as one and the same. Vladimir's "Christ have mercy upon us!"[71] could be taken as evidence that that is at least what he believes.This reading is given further weight early in the first act when Estragon asks Vladimir what it is that he has requested from Godot:VLADIMIR: Oh ... nothing very definite.ESTRAGON: A kind of prayer.VLADIMIR: Precisely.ESTRAGON: A vague supplication.VLADIMIR: Exactly.[72]Much of the play, steeped as it is in scriptural allusion, deals with the subject of religion. The boy claims to be a goatherd, while his brother, he says, is a shepherd: in the Bible, goats represent the damned and sheep those who have been saved.According to Anthony Cronin, "[Beckett] always possessed a Bible, at the end more than one edition, and Bible concordances were always among the reference books on his shelves."[73] Beckett himself was quite open on the issue: "Christianity is a mythology with which I am perfectly familiar so I naturally use it."[74] As Cronin (one of his biographers) points out, his biblical references "may be ironic or even sarcastic".[75]"In answer to a defence counsel question in 1937 (during a libel action brought by his uncle) as to whether he was a Christian, Jew or atheist, Beckett replied, 'None of the three'".[76] Looking at Beckett's entire ?uvre, Mary Bryden observed that "the hypothesised God who emerges from Beckett's texts is one who is both cursed for his perverse absence and cursed for his surveillant presence. He is by turns dismissed, satirised, or ignored, but he, and his tortured son, are never definitively discarded."[77][edit] AutobiographicalWaiting for Godot has been described as a "metaphor for the long walk into Roussillon, when Beckett and Suzanne slept in haystacks [...] during the day and walked by night [... or] of the relationship of Beckett to Joyce."[78] The earliest drafts contain significant personal references, but these were later excised.[citation needed][edit] HomoeroticThat the play calls on only male actors, with scarcely a reference to women, has caused some to look upon Vladimir and Estragon's relationship as quasi-marital: "they bicker, they embrace each other, they depend upon each other [.... T]hey might be thought of as a married couple."[79] In Act One, Estragon speaks gently to his partner, approaching him slowly and laying a hand on his shoulder. After asking for his hand in turn and telling him not to be stubborn, he suddenly embraces him but backs off just as quickly, complaining, "You stink of garlic!"[80]When Estragon reminisces about his occasional glances at the Bible and remembers how prettily coloured were the maps of the Dead Sea, he remarks, "That's where we'll go, I used to say, that's where we'll go for our honeymoon. We'll swim. We'll be happy."[81] Furthermore, the temptation to achieve post-mortem erections arises in the context of a world without females. Estragon in particular is "[h]ighly excited", in contrast with Vladimir, who chooses this moment to talk about shrieking mandrakes.[80] His apparent indifference to his partner's arousal may be viewed as a sort of playful teasing.Another possible instance of homoeroticism has been discerned in the segment in which Estragon "sucks the end of it [his carrot]",[82] although Beckett describes this as a meditative action.[82][edit] Beckett's objection to female actorsBeckett was not open to most interpretative approaches to his work. He famously objected when, in the 1980s, several women's acting companies began to stage the play. "Women don't have prostates," said Beckett,[83] a reference to the fact that Vladimir frequently has to leave the stage to urinate.In 1988, Beckett took a Dutch theatre company, De Haarlemse Toneelschuur to court over this issue. "Beckett [...] lost his case. But the issue of gender seemed to him to be so vital a distinction for a playwright to make that he reacted angrily, instituting a ban on all productions of his plays in The Netherlands."[84] In 1991, however, "Judge Huguette Le Foyer de Costil ruled that the production would not cause excessive damage to Beckett's legacy", and the play was duly performed by the all-female cast of the Brut de Beton Theater Company at the prestigious Avignon Festival.[85]The Italian Pontedera Theatre Foundation won a similar claim in 2006 when it cast two actresses in the roles of Vladimir and Estragon, albeit in the characters' traditional roles as men.[86] At the 1995 Acco Festival, director Nola Chilton staged a production with Daniella Michaeli in the role of Lucky[87], and a 2001 production at Indiana University staged the play with women playing Pozzo and the Boy.[citation needed][edit] Production history"[O]n 17 February 1952 ... an abridged version of the play was performed in the studio of the Club d'Essai de la Radio and was broadcast on [French] radio ... [A]lthough he sent a polite note that Roger Blin read out, Beckett himself did not turn up."[88] Part of his introduction reads:I don't know who Godot is. I don't even know (above all don't know) if he exists. And I don't know if they believe in him or not � those two who are waiting for him. The other two who pass by towards the end of each of the two acts, that must be to break up the monotony. All I knew I showed. It's not much, but it's enough for me, by a wide margin. I'll even say that I would have been satisfied with less. As for wanting to find in all that a broader, loftier meaning to carry away from the performance, along with the program and the Eskimo pie, I cannot see the point of it. But it must be possible ... Estragon, Vladimir, Pozzo, Lucky, their time and their space, I was able to know them a little, but far from the need to understand. Maybe they owe you explanations. Let them supply it. Without me. They and I are through with each other.[89]The Minuit edition appeared in print on 17 October 1952 in advance of the play's first full theatrical performance. On 4 January 1953, "[t]hirty reviewers came to the générale of En attendant Godot before the public opening ... Contrary to later legend, the reviewers were kind ... Some dozen reviews in daily newspapers range[d] from tolerant to enthusiastic ... Reviews in the weeklies [were] longer and more fervent; moreover, they appeared in time to lure spectators to that first thirty-day run"[90] which began on 5 January 1953 at the Théatre de Babylone, Paris. Early public performances were not, however, without incident: during one performance "the curtain had to be brought down after Lucky's monologue as twenty, well-dressed, but disgruntled spectators whistled and hooted derisively ... One of the protesters [even] wrote a vituperative letter dated 2 February 1953 to Le Monde."[91]The cast comprised Pierre Latour (Estragon), Lucien Raimbourg (Vladimir), Jean Martin (Lucky) and Roger Blin (Pozzo). The actor due to play Pozzo found a more remunerative role and so the director � a shy, lean man in real life � had to step in and play the stout bombaster himself with a pillow amplifying his stomach. Both boys were played by Serge Lecointe. The entire production was done on the thinnest of shoestring budgets; the large battered valise that Martin carried "was found among the city's refuse by the husband of the theatre dresser on his rounds as he worked clearing the dustbins,"[92] for example.A particularly significant production � from Beckett's perspective � took place in Lüttringhausen Prison near Wuppertal in Germany. An inmate obtained a copy of the French first edition, translated it himself into German and obtained permission to stage the play. The first night had been on 29 November 1953. He wrote to Beckett in October 1954: "You will be surprised to be receiving a letter about your play Waiting for Godot, from a prison where so many thieves, forgers, toughs, homos, crazy men and killers spend this bitch of a life waiting ... and waiting ... and waiting. Waiting for what? Godot? Perhaps."[93] Beckett was intensely moved and intended to visit the prison to see a last performance of the play but it never happened. This marked "the beginning of Beckett's enduring links with prisons and prisoners ... He took a tremendous interest in productions of his plays performed in prisons ... He even gave Rick Cluchey a former prisoner from San Quentin financial and moral support over a period of many years."[94] Cluchey played Vladimir in two productions in the former Gallows room of the San Quentin California State Prison, which had been converted into a 65-seat theatre and, like the German prisoner before him, went on to work on a variety of Beckett's plays after his release.The English-language premiere was on 3 August 1955 at the Arts Theatre, London, directed by the 24-year-old Peter Hall. Again, the printed version preceded it (New York: Grove Press, 1954) but Faber's "mutilated" edition did not materialise until 1956. A "corrected" edition was subsequently produced in 1965. "The most accurate text is in Theatrical Notebooks I, (Ed.) Dougald McMillan and James Knowlson (Faber and Grove, 1993). It is based on Beckett's revisions for his Schiller-Theatre production (1975) and the London San Quentin Drama Workshop, based on the Schiller production but revised further at the Riverside Studios (March 1984)."[95]Like all of Beckett's translations, Waiting for Godot is not simply a literal translation of En attendant Godot. "Small but significant differences separate the French and English text. Some, like Vladimir's inability to remember the farmer's name (Bonnelly[96]), show how the translation became more indefinite, attrition and loss of memory more pronounced."[97] A number of biographical details were removed, all adding to a general "vaguening"[98] of the text which he continued to trim for the rest of his life.In the nineteen-fifties, theatre was strictly censored in the UK, to Beckett's amazement since he thought it a bastion of free speech. The Lord Chamberlain insisted that the word "erection" be removed, "'Fartov' became 'Popov' and Mrs Gozzo had 'warts' instead of 'clap'".[99] Indeed, there were attempts to ban the play completely. For example, Lady Dorothy Howitt wrote to the Lord Chamberlain, saying: "One of the many themes running through the play is the desire of two old tramps continually to relieve themselves. Such a dramatisation of lavatory necessities is offensive and against all sense of British decency."[100] "The first unexpurgated version of Godot in England ... opened at the Royal Court on 30 December 1964."[101]The London run was not without incident. The actor Peter Bull, who played Pozzo, recalls the reaction of that first night audience:"Waves of hostility came whirling over the footlights, and the mass exodus, which was to form such a feature of the run of the piece, started quite soon after the curtain had risen. The audible groans were also fairly disconcerting ... The curtain fell to mild applause, we took a scant three calls (Peter Woodthorpe reports only one curtain call[102]) and a depression and a sense of anti-climax descended on us all."[103]The critics were less than kind but "[e]verything changed on Sunday 7 August 1955 with Kenneth Tynan's and Harold Hobson's reviews in The Observer and The Sunday Times. Beckett was always grateful to the two reviewers for their support ... which more or less transformed the play overnight into the rage of London."[104] "At the end of the year, the Evening Standard Drama Awards were held for the first time ... Feelings ran high and the opposition, led by Sir Malcolm Sargent, threatened to resign if Godot won [The Best New Play category]. An English compromise was worked out by changing the title of the award. Godot became The Most Controversial Play of the Year. It is a prize that has never been given since."[105]The first production of the play in the United States was at the Coconut Grove Playhouse in Coconut Grove, Florida on 3 January 1956.[106]. It starred Tom Ewell as Vladimir and Bert Lahr as Estragon.Beckett resisted offers to film the play, although it was televised in his lifetime. When Keep Films made Beckett an offer to film an adaptation in which Peter O'Toole would feature, Beckett tersely told his French publisher to advise them: "I do not want a film of Godot."[107] The BBC broadcast a production of Waiting for Godot on 26 June 1961, a version for radio having already been transmitted on 25 April 1960. Beckett watched the programme with a few close friends in Peter Woodthorpe's Chelsea flat. He was unhappy with what he saw. "My play," he said, "wasn't written for this box. My play was written for small men locked in a big space. Here you're all too big for the place."[108]Although not his favourite amongst his plays � perhaps because of the way it came to overshadow everything else he wrote � it was the work which brought Beckett fame and financial stability and as such it always held a special place in his affections. "When the manuscript and rare books dealer, Henry Wenning, asked him if he could sell the original French manuscript for him, Beckett replied: 'Rightly or wrongly have decided not to let Godot go yet. Neither sentimental nor financial, probably peak of market now and never such an offer. Can't explain.'"[109]Set of Theatre Royal Haymarket 2009 productionThe play was revived in London's West End at the Queen's Theatre in a production directed by Les Blair, which opened on 30 September 1991.[110] This was the first West End revival since the play's British première. Rik Mayall played Vladimir and Adrian Edmondson played Estragon, with Philip Jackson as Pozzo and Christopher Ryan as Lucky; the boy was played by Dean Gaffney and Duncan Thornley.[110] Derek Jarman provided the scenic design, in collaboration with Madeleine Morris.[110]Another production in the West End, at the Theatre Royal Haymarket, opened on 30 April 2009. Sir Ian McKellen played Estragon and Patrick Stewart played Vladimir. Their performances garnered critical acclaim.[111] The Daily Telegraph reported that Patrick Stewart saw the ghost of John Baldwin Buckstone standing in the wings during a performance at the Haymarket.[112] The production was revived at the same theatre in January 2010 for 11 weeks. In 2010, this same production toured internationally, with Roger Rees replacing Stewart as Vladimir.A 2009 Broadway revival of the play, starring Nathan Lane and Bill Irwin, was nominated for 3 Tony Awards: Best Revival of a Play, Best Performance by a Featured Actor in a Play (John Glover), and Best Costume Design of a Play (Jane Greenwood).[113] It received rave reviews, and was a huge success for the Roundabout Theatre. Variety called it a "transcendent" production.[edit] Related worksRacine's Bérénice is a play "in which nothing happens for five acts."[114] In the preface to this play Racine writes: "All creativity consists in making something out of nothing." Beckett was an avid scholar of the 17th century playwright and lectured on him during his time at Trinity. "Essential to the static quality of a Racine play is the pairing of characters to talk at length to each other."[48]The title character of Balzac's 1851 play Mercadet is waiting for financial salvation from his never seen business partner, Godeau. Although Beckett was familiar with Balzac's prose; he is insistent that he learned of this play after finishing Waiting for Godot. Coincidentally, in 1949, Balzac's play was closely adapted to film as The Lovable Cheat (starring Buster Keaton, whom Beckett greatly admired).Clifford Odets' famous 1935 play Waiting for Lefty was about workers oppressed by capitalism, waiting for the salvation in the form of union organiser Lefty. But the play ends as the workers learn that Lefty will not come after all (having been murdered).The unity of place, the particular site on the edge of a marsh which the two tramps cannot leave, recalls Sartre's striking use of the unity of place in his 1944 play, No Exit. There it is hell in the appearance of a Second Empire living room that the three characters cannot leave. The curtain line of each play underscores the unity of place, the setting of which is prison. The Let's go! of Godot corresponds to the Well, well, let's get on with it....! of No Exit. Sartre's hell is projected by use of some of the quid pro quos of a bedroom farce, whereas the unnamed plateau � the platter Didi and Gogo are served up on in the French version � evokes an empty vaudeville stage.Many critics regard the protagonists in Beckett's novel Mercier and Camier as prototypes of Vladimir and Estragon. "If you want to find the origins of Godot," he told Colin Duckworth once, "look at Murphy."[115] Here we see the agonised protagonist yearning for self-knowledge, or at least complete freedom of thought at any cost, and the dichotomy and interaction of mind and body. It is also a book that dwells on mental illness something that affects all the characters in Godot. In defence of the critics, Mercier and Camier wander aimlessly about a boggy, rain-soaked island that, although not explicitly named, is Beckett's native Ireland. They speak convoluted dialogues similar to Vladimir and Estragon's, joke about the weather and chat in pubs, while the purpose of their odyssey is never made clear. The waiting in Godot is the wandering of the novel. "There are large chunks of dialogue which he later transferred directly into Godot."[116][edit] Works inspired by GodotThe tile of the 1997 play by Irish playwright Martin McDonagh, A Skull in Connemara, may have been inspired by a line in Lucky's monologue ("alas alas abandoned unfinished the skull the skull in Connemara...").An unauthorised sequel was written by Miodrag Bulatovi? in 1966: Godo je do?ao (Godot Arrived). It was translated from the Serbian into German (Godot ist gekommen) and French. The playwright presents Godot as a baker who ends up being condemned to death by the four main characters. Since it turns out he is indestructible Lucky declares him non-existent. Although Beckett was noted for disallowing productions that took even slight liberties with his plays, he let this pass without incident but not without comment. Ruby Cohn writes: "On the flyleaf of my edition of the Bulatovi? play, Beckett is quoted: 'I think that all that has nothing to do with me.'"[117]An unauthorised prequel, of sorts, formed Part II of Ian McDonald's 1991 novel King of Morning, Queen of Day (partly written in Joycean style). Two main characters are clearly meant to be the original Vladimir and Estragon.In the late 1990s an unauthorised sequel was written by Daniel Curzon entitled Godot Arrives.A radical transformation was written by Bernard Pautrat, performed at Théatre National de Strasbourg in 1979-1980: Ils allaient obscurs sous la nuit solitaire (d'après 'En attendant Godot' de Samuel Beckett). The piece was performed in a disused hangar. "This space, marked by diffusion, and therefore quite unlike traditional concentration of dramatic space, was animated, not by four actors and the brief appearance of a fifth one (as in Beckett's play), but by ten actors. Four of them bore the names of Gogo, Didi, Lucky and Pozzo. The others were: the owner of the Citro?n, the barman, the bridegroom, the bride, the man with the Ricard [and] the man with the club foot. The dialogue, consisting of extensive quotes from the original, was distributed in segments among the ten actors, not necessarily following the order of the original."[118]French playwright Matei Vi?niec (of Romanian origin), wrote his famous play Old Clown Wanted, inspired by Waiting for Godot.Matei Vi?niec's play, "The Last Godot", in which Samuel Becket and Godot are characters, ends with the first lines in Waiting for Godot.In 1996, two films based on the Beckett theme were released. In Waiting for Guffman, a character named Guffman never arrives. And in Big Night, Louis Prima never arrives.Godot is a character in Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney - Trials and Tribulations, a mysterious character whose real name, identity, and prior life are unknown at the beginning of the game.In the Bollywood film Jaane Tu Ya Jaane Na, a man is waiting outside an airport with a card saying "GODOT". He is an old man, which shows that he has probably been waiting for a very long time.The music video for k.d. lang's song "Constant Craving" depicts a crowd watching a 1950s production of Waiting for Godot.Sesame Street's recurring skit 'Monsterpiece Theater' has Grover and Telly Monster 'Waiting For Elmo'. Host Alistair Cookie describes it as 'a modern masterpiece. A play so modern and so brilliant, it makes absolutely no sense to anybody'. After about two minutes of waiting, talking about waiting, and wondering what happens if Elmo does not show up, the tree they are standing by gets fed up, walks off and decides to join a production of 'Oklahoma!'. Since Elmo said he would meet them by that one tree, the monsters panic and hurriedly follow it.Turkish playwright Ferhan ?ensoy's play Güle Güle Godot (Bye Bye Godot) tells about the people of an unnamed country where there is a big problem of water and there is a misgovernor named Godot. The people of the country are waiting for Godot to leave, because they desire to have a country where they are able to select their own governor.The Hong Kong drama Fly with Me features a snack shop,named Godot, in a hospital. The shop owner keeps a lost umbrella for years, and waits for its owner to get back.A production of "Waiting for Godot" at Wheaton College (Wheaton, IL), inspired a book of fine art photography entitled God(ot): Psychomorphagical I. [4]A cycle of short parodies entitled The Godot Variations (Waiters for Godot, Call Waiting for Godot, Whining for Godot) by American playwright Meron Langsner will be included in the Smith & Kraus 2010 anthology of Best Ten Minute Plays. Waiters for Godot appeared in the 2003 edition of the literary journal Lamia Ink.[edit] References^ Berlin, N., "Traffic of our stage: Why Waiting for Godot?" in The Massachusetts Review,mercurial pas cher, Autumn 1999^ Ackerley, C. J. and Gontarski, S. E., (Eds.) The Faber Companion to Samuel Beckett (London: Faber and Faber, 2006), p. 620.^ Ackerley and Gontarski 2006, p. 172.^ The Times, 31 December 1964. Quoted in Knowlson, J., Damned to Fame: The Life of Samuel Beckett (London: Bloomsbury, 1996), p. 57.^ Beckett objected strongly to the sentence being rendered: "Nothing Doing". (Knowlson, J., Damned to Fame: The Life of Samuel Beckett (London: Bloomsbury, 1996), p. 567)^ The character Pozzo, however, prominently wears and takes note of a watch that he is wearing.^ a b Beckett 1988, p. 18.^ Beckett 1988, p. 21.^ Beckett 1988, p. 23.^ Roger Blin, who acted in and directed the premier of Waiting for Godot, teasingly described Lucky to Jean Martin (who played him) as "a one-line part". (Cohn, R., From Desire to Godot (London: Calder Publications; New York: Riverrun Press, 1998), p. 151)^ Beckett 1988, p. 50.^ See Clausius, C., 'Bad Habits While Waiting for Godot' in Burkman, K. H., (Ed.) Myth and Ritual in the Plays of Samuel Beckett (London and Toronto: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1987), p 139^ Webb, E., The Plays of Samuel Beckett (Seattle: Univ. of Washington Press, 1974)^ Beckett, S., Waiting for Godot, (London: Faber and Faber, [1956] 1988), p 59^ Beckett, S., Waiting for Godot, (London: Faber and Faber, [1956] 1988), p 89^ SB to Barney Rosset, 18 October 1954 (Syracuse). Quoted in Knowlson, J., Damned to Fame: The Life of Samuel Beckett (London: Bloomsbury, 1996), p 412^ Quoted in Le Nouvel Observateur (26 September 1981) and referenced in Cohn, R., From Desire to Godot (London: Calder Publications; New York: Riverrun Press), 1998, p 150^ Cronin, A., Samuel Beckett The Last Modernist (London: Flamingo, 1997), p 382^ a b Letter to Alan Schneider, 27 December 1955 in Harmon, M., (Ed.) No Author Better Served: The Correspondence of Samuel Beckett and Alan Schneider (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998), p 6^ Kalb, J., Beckett in Performance (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989), p 43^ Beckett, S., Waiting for Godot, (London: Faber and Faber, [1956] 1988), p 12^ See Brown, V., Yesterday's Deformities: A Discussion of the Role of Memory and Discourse in the Plays of Samuel Beckett, pp 35-75 for a detailed discussion of this.^ Alvarez, A. Beckett 2nd Edition (London: Fontana Press, 1992)^ a b Gurnow, M., No Symbol Where None Intended: A Study of Symbolism and Allusion in Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot^ Fletcher, J., 'The Arrival of Godot' in The Modern Language Review, Vol. 64, No. 1 (Jan., 1969), pp. 34-38^ Duckworth, C., (Ed.) 'Introduction' to En attendant Godot (London: George Harrap, 1966), pp lxiii, lxiv. Quoted in Ackerley, C. J. and Gontarski, S. E., (Eds.) The Faber Companion to Samuel Beckett, (London: Faber and Faber, 2006), p 183^ Mercier, V., 'The Uneventful Event' in The Irish Times, 18 February 1956^ Mercier, V., Beckett/Beckett (London: Souvenir Press, 1990), p 46^ Mercier, V., Beckett/Beckett (London: Souvenir Press, 1990), pp 47,49^ Jean Martin on the World Première of En attendant Godot in Knowlson, J. & E., (Ed.) Beckett Remembering � Remembering Beckett (London: Bloomsbury, 2006), p 117^ Wilmer S. E., (Ed.) Beckett in Dublin (Dublin: Lilliput Press, 1992), p 28^ Jean Martin to Deirdre Bair, 12 May 1976. Quoted in Bair, D., Samuel Beckett: A Biography (London: Vintage, 1990), p 449^ Duckworth, C., The Making of Godot, p 95. Quoted in Bair, D., Samuel Beckett: A Biography (London: Vintage, 1990), p 407^ Friedman, N., 'Godot and Gestalt: The Meaning of Meaningless' in The American Journal of Psychoanalysis 49(3) p 277^ Kalb, J., Beckett in Performance (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989), p 175^ Mercier, V., Beckett/Beckett (London: Souvenir Press, 1990), p 53^ Beckett, S., Waiting for Godot, (London: Faber and Faber, [1956] 1988), p 21^ Barney Rosset to Deidre Bair, 29 March 1974. Referenced in Bair, D., Samuel Beckett: A Biography (London: Vintage, 1990), p 464^ Beckett, S., Waiting for Godot, (London: Faber and Faber, [1956] 1988), p 91^ Colin Duckworth's introduction to En attendant Godot (London: George G Harrap & Co, 1966), lx. Quoted in Cohn, R., From Desire to Godot (London: Calder Publications; New York: Riverrun Press, 1998), p 150^ Bair, D., Samuel Beckett: A Biography (London: Vintage, 1990), p 405^ Interview with Peter Woodthrope 18 February 1994. Referenced in Knowlson, J., Damned to Fame: The Life of Samuel Beckett (London: Bloomsbury, 1996), p 785 n 166^ SB to Barney Rosset, 18 October 1954 (Syracuse). Quoted in Knowlson, J., Damned to Fame: The Life of Samuel Beckett (London: Bloomsbury, 1996), p 412^ Bair, D., Samuel Beckett: A Biography (London: Vintage, 1990), p 591^ Mercier, V., Beckett/Beckett (London: Souvenir Press, 1990), p 87^ Kenner, H., The Cartesian Centaur, (Perspective, 1959)^ Ackerley, C. J. and Gontarski, S. E., (Eds.) The Faber Companion to Samuel Beckett, (London: Faber and Faber, 2006)^ a b Cronin, A., Samuel Beckett The Last Modernist (London: Flamingo, 1997), p 60^ Hampton, W., Theater Review: Celebrating With 'Waiting for Godot' New York Times, 11 June 2007^ [1]^ Ruby Cohn to James Knowlson, 9 August 1994. Quoted in Knowlson, J., Damned to Fame: The Life of Samuel Beckett (London: Bloomsbury, 1996), p 378^ Knowlson, J., Damned to Fame: The Life of Samuel Beckett (London: Bloomsbury, 1996), p 378^ Cohn, R., From Desire to Godot (London: Calder Publications; New York: Riverrun Press, 1998), p 138^ Berlin 1999.^ Genest, G., 'Memories of Samuel Beckett in the Rehearsals for Endgame, 1967' in Ben-Zvi, L., (Ed.) Women in Beckett: Performance and Critical Perspectives (Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press





History of the HC Lugano - Wikipedia, the free enc

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History of the HC Lugano - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

History of the HC LuganoFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation,searchThis article has no lead section, so one should be written. See the lead section guide for more information on writing leads. (August 2009)This article should be divided into sections by topic, to make it more accessible. Please help by adding section headings in accordance with Wikipedia's style guidelines. (August 2009)Main article: HC LuganoContents1 History [1]1.1 Origins1.2 The 50s-60s-70s1.3 The 80s1.4 The 90s1.5 2000-Present2 References[edit] History [1][edit] OriginsThe Hockey Club Lugano was founded in the course of the 1940/1941 season when, on the small lake of Muzzano, the first games were played against the "cousins" of Ambrì and against the improvised teams of Muzzano, Massagno and Paradiso. But the club's actual setting-up takes place on 11 February 1941, during a meeting in the small lounge of the Apollo restaurant. Among the founding partners there are Antonio Caslani, the Arrigo brothers, Ivo Badaracco, Bruno Soldini, Dino Bernardoni, Ivo Molina, Renato Crivelli, Guido Keller, Tullio Visani, Pepi Paulon, Livio Balmelli, Renato Paganetti, Kurt Tritten, Ezio Bernasconi, Bobo Trachsel and Alfonso Weber.The last-named is elected president, also because, being a player in the Football Club Lugano, he can guarantee the jerseys for the team. Seven years after its foundation, the team abandons the small lake of Muzzano and goes to the Loreto quarter. This change is certainly beneficial and is a good opportunity to make the hockey game gradually known in the neighbourhood.In Loreto, the first real games of puck on ice are played, with the appearance of those who will become world champions: the Canadians of Mercury. The game of hockey starts getting a footing; however, the civic authorities keep considering Lugano as, basically, a football city. All the efforts of the president-of-presidents Luigi Bellasi come to nothing. In fact, the lack of political support causes the club's eviction from Loreto, too.[edit] The 50s-60s-70sIn 1955, after loads of ups and downs, the Lugano club plays a few games on what functioned as tennis courts in summer, i.e. the tennis courts of the Münger bakery in Paradiso.This was possible thanks to two great promoters of the black-and-white family: Cuccio Viglezio and Guido Keller. Still in the course of 1955, Albino Mangili sets up the sport facility in Noranco. And it's in Noranco itself that the black-and-white Club achieves its first real purchase: Beat Rüedi, from Canton Graubünden.With Rüedi comes the first real example to follow: apart from playing and training, Rüedi moves skillfully in all fields in order to realise what was considered a real dream in Lugano: the artificial rink. In the three years passed in Noranco, the Lugano club contends its first official championships and celebrates its first promotion to first division in 1956.The president is still Luigi Bellasi, and the omnipresent Cuccio Viglezio and Antonio Bariffi become part of the committee; the last-named is a player already and will subsequently become the first Ticinese to hold the position of president in the National League. The Lugano club also finds its first Canadian purchase during its last season in Noranco: Bob Mitchell, a defender taken from the Milan Devils and who will give the Lugano club those new shots called slapshots.The first artificial rink, which will be called "Resega", is inaugurated on 1 December 1957.That day, among the present, there was the guy who � thirty years later � would take the Lugano club to the height of Swiss and international hockey: Geo Mantegazza. An engineer by profession, he has his first contacts with the black-and-white family by doing the Resega's static calculations. The most important engagement experienced during the first years of the Resega was the then Pedrolini Cup, name taken from the family that then owned the facility and that gives hospitality to the strongest European teams, such as the Stockholm club, the Wembley Lions, the Paris club and the Milan Devils.The Resega's inaugural season coincides with the first professional wearing the black-and-white jersey:Gene Miller, followed by the acrobatic Chinese-Canadian Larry Kwong. At the end of the fifties, the Lugano club also sees a Swiss lad called Gérald Rigolet for a short spell; subsequently, with the Villars and the Chaux de Fonds teams, he will reveal himself one of the greatest goalkeepers in the history of Swiss hockey. In the 1963/1964 season, the HCL will finally achieve the coveted promotion to National League B, thanks to a sensational recruitment drive with the signing-on of the defender Elwyn Friedrich and the winger Roland Bernasconi, both of them internationals and Swiss champions with the Villars club. During that season a great talent shows up on the Resega's ice and makes history: Alfio Molina.And it's precisely the fifteen-year-old Alfio Molina who will drag the black-and-white team towards Series B, which will be conquered on 29 February 1964 in Rapperswil's ice rink. And the fans of the Ambrì team get a great shock when the Lugano club beats its rivals in the Swiss Cup: the game becomes decisive during extra time, when Moretti finally shoots a goal. But in the championships, the revenge of the Ambrì team is terrible: 13 to 2. And to this day, this remains the clearest performance in the derbies' long history. Here are some of the names of the players who marked the first years in the history of the black-and-whites at the Resega: Friedrich, Faoro, Moretti, Stephani, Hochstrasser, Mazzola, Brambilla, Molina, Rezzonico, Corti, Giudici, Bernardoni. And three guys from the Leventina Valley are also introduced in the various formations of those years: Silvio Baldi, Ennio and Danny Tenconi.Molina's reserve is Roger Corpataux. The black-and-whites celebrate their promotion to National League A in the 1970/1971 season, with the purchases of Arturo Baldi from the Ambrì club, of Marzio Agustoni, a guy from Bellinzona who stepped into the limelight with the Grasshoppers team, of Bernard C?té and of the Czech Karel Blazek, the protagonist of a real spurt in Switzerland during a tournament in Lugano.The season's key encounter is Lugano-Lausanne, contended at the Resega in front of 6000 spectators and won by the black-and-whites 3 to 1.The team includes eight players of the breeding ground: Molina, Corti, Rezzonico, Giudici, Brambilla, Bernardoni, Bernasconi and Cereghetti. So thirty years after its foundation, the team finally sees its dream come true! Second only to Canton Valais, Canton Ticino has two clubs in the highest category. Molina crowns his extraordinary career when, at the world championships in Prague, he proves the second best goalkeeper absolutely. Unfortunately, the adventure of the black-and-whites in National League A only lasts two seasons; in fact, in the 72/73 season, it will be relegated to the National League B.So the Lugano club prepares itself to pass nine years in the lower division, among wavering results, even though some of the players kindle the Resega in the seventies, such as the Finns Juha Pekka Rantasila and Henry Lepp? and the American Tom Vanelli.In 1975 the black-and-white club packs its suitcases and moves to Lugano's first covered ice rink: the one in Mezzovico.The black-and-whites will play two championships here, the time necessary to cover the Resega completely.In 1978, the guy who will become a great figure in only a few years' time enters the history of the Lugano club and of Swiss hockey: Geo Mantegazza. And what will often be the seventh player on ice takes shape with him: the North End.The new managing staff, formed by Geo Mantegazza, Severo Antonini and Fausto Senni immediately conquers two historical results: for the first time, the Lugano club has a ranking in front of the Ambrì club and for the first time, on 23 October 1979, the Valascia is conquered (5-2).The extra guy on this occasion is Jim Koleff, who will become the North End's idol.[edit] The 80sKoleff will wear the black-and-white colours for two seasons. In the 79/80 season a guy returns to the Lugano club after his experience in Lausanne: Fabio Gaggini. He will remain tied to the black-and-white colours for a long time.In 1980 two great names dock on Lake Ceresio's shores. In fact, they are Mark Pavelich and John Harrington, fresh with the extraordinary gold medal conquered with the American national team at the Olympics in Lake Placid.But they disappoint both the fans and the team and remain in Lugano for a championship only. Pavelich will then move to the New York Rangers and result one of the best.However, it's in these years that the Resega sees one of its most crowded championships, with an average registration of nearly 8'000 spectators per game!Therefore, in the 1981/1982 season, the Lugano club decides to invest a lot in the recruitment drive, and treats itself with eight new players.Among all of them, the name of the captain of the Swiss National team stands out: Aldo Zenh?usern. The foreigners are Réal Vincent and Bernard Gagnon.Two other important arrivals are Claude Domeniconi, a stern defender who will give a lot to the club in the years to come, and Bruno Rogger, one of America's first Swiss.But the team doesn't really work out as expected and the coach-player Vincent decides to dedicate himself solely to the role of coach, abandoning the role of defender: he places Rogger in his place, until then a forward, and engages a new foreigner in the attack: Bob Sirois.This move proves winning and, together with the cousins from the Leventina Valley, the Lugano club returns to the National League A after an exhilarating and promotional heat, and is also triumphant on glamorous ice rinks such as the Allmend in Berne and the Hallenstadion in Zurich. For the adventure in Series A, the Lugano club engages an American defender, Bob Hess, with more than 300 games in the NHL and the ability of inflaming the fans with his spectacular, but not always successful, traverses of the rink. The black-and-white team is also strengthened by other experienced players: Giovanni Conte, Daniel Blaser and Jean-Claude Courvosier.But the greatest promise for Swiss hockey is the following purchase: J?rg Eberle from Canton Appenzell. However, with the sixth final place, the championship of the black-and-whites isn't really memorable. At the end of the season, an author of the scaling of the black-and-white team in National League A finally and definitely gives up ice skating: Alfio Molina.On the other hand, Eberle leaves the Lugano club and moves to Davos. In order to give a turning point to the whole environment, the president Mantegazza gives way to a real technical revolution and calls a new coach from Sweden: John Slettvoll. With him, inflexible in and outside the ice, arrives a player destined to become the Resega's favourite: the legendary Kent Johansson!The sprinting nr. 25 has a tough time getting adjusted, but what an explosion after Christmas! Next to him there's a Finn not always the best winger for Johansson: H?kan Hjerpe.Enthusiasm for hockey in Lugano increases and other important players complete the team � which becomes more competitive day after day � i.e. Beat Kaufmann and Arnold L?rtscher.The 1983/84 season is very regular: the team ranks in 4th position. In order to face the 1984/85 season, Slettvoll further strengthens the Lugano club with two essential players: Mats Waltin and Fredy Lüthi.The first guy is a real mainstay of the Swedish National Team: together with Ingemar Stenmark and Bj?rn Borg he is part of the legendary figures in Swedish sports. Another player arrives with them, Beat Eggimann, and will stay with the black-and-whites for several seasons.The departures that should be taken note of are those of Aldo Zenh?usern and Martin L?tscher; in the meantime, Fabio Gaggini closes his competitive career. For the whole season, the black-and-white team chases the champions of the Davos club, but without success. It fails to conquer the umpteenth title of the Canton Graubünden guys.However, it concludes its best season in that period by conquering the second place. The guy who steals the show, among the black-and-whites, is the elf Johansson.Slettvoll prepares the 1985/1986 season fully conscious that it could really be the most important season in the history of the black-and-whites. The recruitment drive brings two new players of great promise to the Lugano club: Sandro Bertaggia and Andy Ton; there's also J?rg Eberle, who returns from Davos with two national titles.A guy full of talent arrives with them: Roberto Triulzi,mercurial nike, from St. Moritz in Canton Graubünden. 1 March 1986, the Lugano club is Swiss champion!This is a memorable season that finishes with the most sought-after prize: the delivery of the cup of the first Swiss play-offs to captain Kaufmann, won in Davos' lovely ice rink. The guy who steals the show for the evening and for the whole championship in general is, once again, Kenta Johansson, with a good four goals in the conclusive contest that invert the score from 2-4 to 7-5! The ice rink in Davos is absolutely teeming with black and white colours, with more than 3000 season ticket holders to see and support the team. And that's when the Era of the Great Lugano Club begins. By following the motto "the winning team mustn't change", Slettvoll confronts his first season as the current champion with the same players of the previous year. In fact, the only new arrival is the goalkeeper Urs R?ber, destined to alternate with Thierry Andrey as goalkeeper.During the 1986/1987 season, with the Lugano club always at the top of the league, the author of what will become the greatest brawl in the history of the derby in Ticino drops by for a few games: Mats Hallin. 1986/87 is also the season that launches the Lugano club in Europe. Successful at first in East Berlin, the black-and-whites eliminate what � until then � had been considered the strongest western team absolutely: the K?ln club! Never before had a Swiss team been able to reach its aim of playing in the European Cup's final phase. During the championships, the Lugano club confirms itself wonderfully and conquers its second national title in the play-off finals against the Kloten team. But, at the end of the season, various essential players leave the Lugano club: Waltin, L?rtscher, Kaufmann, Triulzi and Von Gunten.In order to replace the various departures, mainly due to the withdrawal from the contests, the following players are called for the 1987/1988 season: the Finn Kari Pekka Eloranta, Peter Jaks, Thomas Vrabec, Didier Massy and Remo Walder. Even though Slettvoll still has to build a whole team, the Lugano club confirms itself as the championship's leader. In fact, after its dominance in the regular season, it attains its third title in a row in the play-offs, at the expenses of the Kloten team.The black-and-whites impose themselves in the final in three games and win the last game at the Resega; the goal was shot by Vrabec in the extra time in front of the eyes of the literally delirious North End! A note of respect for the European Cup, too, which took place in an enthusiastic Resega. The guests of honour are no less than the legendary CSKA Moscow, the then great world leader with the legendary Larionov, Makarov, Krutov and Fetisov!, and the teams F?rjestad and Kosice.However, the Lugano team has no power whatsoever against these sacred monsters of European hockey. The Lugano team of John Slettvoll and Geo Mantegazza conquers the first place in the regular 1988/1989 season, too. With the arrival of spring, however, the bears in Berne wake up from their dormancy and the men in the federal capital pinch the Lugano team's title!The never-ending challenge is concluded after five battles at the Resega, in front of the incredulous eyes of the black-and-white fans.For the first time after the introduction of the play-offs, the Lugano team leaves the national title to an opponent. This deeply-felt disappointment leads to the difficult separation of the public from its great idol: Kenta Johansson. With him, even Peter Jaks returns to his Ambrì team and Thierry Andrey leaves the Lugano club, too.The goalkeeper Markus Bachschmied, the defender Patrice Brasey and the unknown American Lane Mc Donald are called in order to re-launch the Lugano team in the 1989/1990 season. Unfortunately, the last-named, late in the championship, must abandon hockey because of a serious problem with an eye. The Lugano team is forced to look for a new foreigner and engages the Czech Dusan Pasek. Disqualified after a violent brawl against the Ambrì team, the wizard Slettvoll decides to call a small Japanese-Canadian to Lugano for the play-offs, Steve Tsujiura.This small but great man will be at the origins of the fourth national title of the black-and-whites; in fact, together with Ton and Eberle, he will form a terrible line! In the final, the Lugano team takes its revenge for the previous season by winning in four games and conquering the title in the impressive Allmend ice rink, absolutely swarming with black-and-white fans. Once again, the Lugano club enters its name in the Swiss Hockey's roll of honour. A success that basically closes the Era of the Great Lugano Club and with it the era of a well-loved president, Geo Mantegazza.The president-of-presidents, in fact, leaves the team in the hands of another of the Resega's favourites: Fabio Gaggini.[edit] The 90sGaggini and Slettvoll trust in two Swedish stars for the 1990/1991 season: Magnus Svensson, a powerful defender with a great shot, and Mats N?slund, a star in the NHL. The goalkeeper Wahl, from the Ajoie team, arrives with them in Lugano.The season closes with the second place in regular season and the defeat in the final play-off against the usual Berne team in four games. However, the Lugano team crowns its year with a new participation in the European Cup's final round in Düsseldorf, where it will be on the verge of its exploit with the Finnish champions of the Turku team.We are in the winter of 1991/1992, one of the most difficult ones.The Lugano club confronts the season with several new purchases. Gingras and Thibaudeau replace N?slund and Svensson. The Swiss Brasey, Fontana and Bachschmied leave, too, leaving their place to the new-comers on the shores of Lake Ceresio: Doug Honegger, André R?theli, Patrick Sutter, JJ Aeschlimann and John Fritsche.During the ninth season as leading coach in the Lugano club, the wizard Slettvoll goes into a crisis, taking the Lugano team with him.A tormented season with the second place in the regular season and, immediately after the Olympic Games, the bitter elimination by the Zurich club led by Arno del Curto at the play-off quarter-finals. For the first time in the play-offs' history, the Lugano team isn't present in the final. However, the season's task is for the black-and-whites to qualify in the Spengler Cup's finals, whereby the Lugano club wins hands down against the Mannheim team, it beats the Malm? team in extra time, loses by a single goal against Team Canada and beats the legendary CSKA Moscow at the penalty shots!! The following day, during the conclusive action, the Russian masters impose themselves 5 to 2. At the end of the season, John Slettvoll leaves the Lugano club. The latter, in turn, looks for a new playing philosophy and a new style for the team.The Canadian Andy Murray is engaged as the team's leader for the 1992/93 season; he is exquisitely kind. With him, a legendary figure arrives in the Lugano club, a guy who had formed an unbeatable fivesome for years in the Russian National Team and in Moscow's CSKA: Igor Larionov.And to support this star of the first magnitude in world hockey there is the Czech Petr Rosol. In the meantime, two internationals from Berne land in Lugano: Sven Leuenberger and Patrick Howald, as well as the Swiss-Canadian Mark Astley.The Lugano club is extremely strong on paper but, somehow, it has trouble asserting itself. Murray has a hard time trying to adapt to European ways and in December, due to the internal situation in the changing rooms, the club is forced to dismiss him and to call back Slettvoll. The Canadian Brian Propp comes too, in order to give a hand. Together with Larianov � who has finally recovered after a long pubalgia � he will form an extremely dangerous pair. However, all of this isn't really enough to go beyond the play-off semi-final. The black-and-whites, in fact, are eliminated by the Kloten team at the penalty shots in the Resega.Larionov leaves the Lugano club and returns to the NHL, where he will win the Stanley Cup with the Detroit Red Wings for two years running. Other players leave with him, too: Massy, Lüthi, Propp, Rosol and Eggimann.The 1993/94 season sees two other Swedes on the shores of Lake Ceresio: Jan Larsson and P?r Djoos, as well as Sami Balmer and two greenhorns, destined to become the favourites of the black-and-white public: Lars Weibel and Marcel Jenni, found by John Slettvoll in the Under 18 National Team that he manages.The greatest news of the 1993/1994 season, however, is the temporary rink called Reseghina.In fact, the legendary, old Resega is in the course of being demolished, so that a new and modern facility can be built.Third in regular season, Slettvoll's Lugano club is eliminated once again in the play-off semi-finals by the Kloten team, led by Michael Johansson, Kenta's brother.John Slettvoll changes role and becomes the sports manager of the black-and-whites, while the Finn, Timo Lahtinen, becomes coach. The reinforcements for the 1994/1995 championship are Tommy Sj?din, Pat Schafhauser and Peter Kobel.The 1994/95 championship leads the Lugano club to conquer the 2nd place in regular season directly after the Zug club.But the play-offs betray the black-and-whites once again; they are eliminated by the usual Kloten team in the quarter-finals, which imposes itself in the Reseghina for its fifth challenge. Supported by the good show offered, the team renews its trust in Lahtinen and, as an additional aid, calls a fresh Stanley Cup winner to Lugano, the French-Canadian Stephane Lebeau, as well as two old foxes from the blue-and-white cousins, Keith Fair and Rick Tschumi.The 1995/96 championship starts with an event that will make history: the inauguration of the longed-for Resega's new ice rink on 25 September 1995 with the first championship game between the Lugano team and the Lausanne team. However, hard times are ahead after the unforgettable party, and in October the club separates for lack of results on Lahtinen's part.Therefore, John Slettvoll returns as coach, but the move doesn't reveal itself winning.The Lugano club concludes the championship in 7th place only and is immediately eliminated in the play-offs by the Kloten team once again… how odd!The 1995/1996 season won't only be remembered for the Resega's inauguration, but also for Pat Schafhauser's sad fate, the black-and-white defender who, in the evening of 5 December 1995, will slam violently against the balustrade in the Davos ice rink, thus severely damaging his spinal cord; he will be forced in a wheelchair.After this sad accident, the Lugano club launches the idea of the "Fondazione Pat Schafhauser", with the aim of creating a fund for possible sports accidents. This foundation organises the famous All Star Game each year.New spurs are needed for the 1996/1997 season, so the Lugano club hires a new coach, namely an old acquaintance of the black-and-white hockey team: Mats Waltin, who has returned from two seasons as the leader of the Davos club. Another great Swede arrives with him, Michael Nylander, who leaves the Calgary Flames (NHL), in order to wear the black-and-white jersey.And due to professional reasons, it's J?rg Eberle's turn to leave, but together with Kenta, he will always remain in the hearts of the Lugano fans. The international Sutter will leave the club with him, too.The 96/97 season is rather disappointing in its first phase. But as the team grows, inspired by Nylander and strengthened by the Russian Pavel Torgaev, it finally defeats the bugbear Kloten team, before being beaten, in turn, by Gaetano Orlando's Berne club in the play-off semi-final.The supporters are hungry for victories and the team prepares a leading recruitment drive.There are other arrivals apart from the promising Julien and Geoffrey Vauclair from Canton Jura: the international Patrick Fischer, Andy N?ser, the Canadian Todd Elik, a mixed blessing in and outside the ice, the Swedish pluri-champion Peter Andersson, Trevor Meier, Rolf Ziegler and the Swiss-Canadian Mark Astley returns from Canada.The departures that should be taken note of are those of the three foreigners Lebeau, Torgaev and Nylander. But the season begins badly and in November Waltin is substituted by Jim Koleff, who had come to Lugano as sports manager. Jim brings the team back into the ranking's top places, but he isn't able to save the season, because the black-and-white team is eliminated by the Davos team in the play-off's first round, once again after the penalties at the Resega. But the satisfaction for Julien Vauclair is great, drafted even by the glamorous Ottawa Senators.The Lugano team wants to win once again, so Jim Koleff calls two greatly experienced players, whom he knows well: Gaetano Orlando and Misko Antisin. Régis Fuchs and Gaetan Voisard come from Berne, too. In order to help the defence and Lars Weibel, there's also the first foreign goalkeeper in black-and-white history: Cristobal Huet, a young French man ready to explode. The Lugano club also takes on Igor Fedulov, the top goalscorer in National League B, as he awaits his future red-crossed passport. Among the departures, there's that of Sj?din, for years the soul of the black-and-white defence. The regular season is characterised by unsteadiness, also due to the accidents to Orlando's hand, Bill Mc Dougall's substitute.However, at the beginning of the play-offs, the team is complete and in top form. The Lugano club suffers with the Davos club, but with the help of a next to unbeatable defence and goalkeeper it splendidly eliminates the current champions of the Zug club; it then prepares itself to confront the Ambrì club in the finals, the protagonist of a record regular season. Canton Ticino is in a state of agitation and the derby mood is strongly felt. Thanks to a better freshness and experience, the Lugano team, edition 1998/1999, conquers its fifth national title on 5 April 1999 at the Valascia, by beating its cousins in five games and by winning a good 3 encounters out of 3 up in the valley! All the players are protagonists in this splendid venture, but the following stand out in particular: the goalkeeper Huet,basket air jordan, the defender and captain Andersson and the indestructible Orlando, who will end his magnificent career at the age of 36.[edit] 2000-PresentThe 1999/2000 season offers some memorable and spectacular hockey evenings to the black-and-white fans. The Lugano club dominates the regular season far and wide, closed with 68 points and a good 11 advantage points ahead of the second ranker. But the real exploit is attained in the Euroleague, when the black-and-white team finally reaches the semi-final round after having beaten the Dynamo Moscow club 3 to 1 and the Ice Tigers of Nürnberg at the penalty shots at the Resega. This is possible because the team is strengthened in particular by Philippe Bozon, Christian Dubé � already first choice by the New York Rangers in 1996 � Oliver Keller and, after Christmas, Wes Walz.The men of Koleff win the domestic challenge against the Slovan Bratislava club and, in a game teeming with emotions, they also vanquish the rink of the Slovak champions 6 to 5 in the second game. The seriousness and professionalism of the Lugano club bring about the Top Four Final, the final leg with four teams to crown the team European champion. In a greatly agitated Resega and in front of 24'000 spectators for four games, the Russians of the Metallurg Magnitogorsk team led by Gomoljako give an encore and beat the Sparta Prague team in the finals. It was exactly the Czech champions who, the previous evening, in extra time, had made the black-and-white dream go up in smoke. A fantastic game finally solved by the Czech Vujtek; the Lugano team, in fact, had nearly been on the verge of victory several times.However, this extraordinary European adventure leaves a mark in the players' bodies and souls. The play-offs begin with the easy victories over the Fribourg and Ambrì teams, but not so with the ZSC Lions team. The games are really under pressure, Andersson is in bed with angina and notwithstanding the cues of Dubé and Bozon, the Lugano team loses at the Hallenstadion in "contest 6" when, 10 seconds to the whistle, Plavsic gets the 4 to 3 goal.The Zurich team is Swiss champion and the Lugano is the protagonist of a splendid year, although without any titles to add to the notice board.The 2000/2001 season, the HCL's 60th birthday, faithfully follows the previous season in some things.In fact, the black-and-whites close the regular season in the lead, always in front of the ZSC Lions.The play-off quarter-finals and semi-finals are rather suffered, but the successes against the Fribourg and Berne teams respectively are possible especially because of the character and experience that allow various victories in extra time and, in particular, at the penalty shots.And it's at the penalty shots, incidentally, that the relentless JJ Aeschlimann closes Renato Tosio's great career at the Allmend.The great final with the Zurich team is extremely intense, often unfair, polemical and, unfortunately, with an extremely bitter end.The Lugano team leads three to one in the series, but it doesn't conclude anything in "contest 5" at the Resega.On the famous 7 April 2001, "Game 7" is vibrant: Dubé gets a goal, but Zeiter ties at the 51st minute. Extra time is in full swing and Morgan Samuelsson strikes Huet and the blood of the black-and-white fans runs cold.Unfortunately though, the blood of roughly thirty offenders doesn't curdle, protagonists of serious uncivil behaviour during the awarding of prizes.The Hockey Club Lugano plc. is founded in the 2001/2002 season, the public limited company that manages the activities of the first team as well as of the Junior Elite team.The glorious HCL Association remains on its feet as majority shareholder of the HCL plc. and as main team for the Youth Sector, the club's Female Section and the Old-Timers team. Beat Kaufmann becomes the first president of the HCL plc.'s board of directors, while Fabio Gaggini remains in the lead of the HCL Association.The championship begins with the game Lugano-Rapperswil, which will be remembered as the first (and hopefully the last) game without spectators, due to the accidents that occurred during the previous season's finals. And then, an ex player of the "Great Russia" arrives as coach of the Lugano club: Zinetoula Biljaletdinov.With him comes a player who is already well-known and appreciated in Switzerland: Petteri Nummelin.Moreover, the inseparable André R?theli and Patrick Sutter return to the shores of Lake Ceresio, while Ryan Gardner arrives from Ambrì. Philippe Bozon leaves and is substituted by Mike Maneluk.The Lugano club begins the season excellently, but gradually it loses lucidity and game. In the end, it's eliminated from the Continental Cup by the Milan Vipers, thus forcing the black-and-white management to take the drastic decision of dismissing the current coach.Jim Koleff takes his place once again; until then, he had been sports director.Two new players are then purchased in order to strengthen the black-and-whites � this happens just before the play-offs and after a memorable tour in Japan. The purchases are No?l Guyaz from Chur and Ronnie Rüeger from Zug.The latter will take the place of the goalkeeper Cristobal Huet who, in the summer, will leave the Lugano club for the Los Angeles Kings in the NHL, thus permitting the Lugano club to play with three foreigners. In fact, the forward Bob Lachance and the defender Greg Andrusak arrive.At the end of the regular season, the black-and-whites are in second place directly behind the Davos team, but the play-offs aren't really satisfactory… after having beaten the Zug team in the quarter-finals, they're eliminated once again by the usual Lions club.The team from Canton Graubünden, after having dominated the whole season, will become Swiss Champion.In the 2002/2003 season the cycle of the "after Dubé" and the "after Huet" comes into being � two players who have left a mark in the Lugano club.To make up for the departure of the great player number 96, a talent in Swiss hockey is called for: Adrian Wichser. At the end of the regular season, he will be the player with the most goals shot in National Division A. The regular goalkeeper is Ronnie Rüeger.Jimmy Koleff then calls an old acquaintance from Swiss hockey, the American Corey Millen, an already appreciated player in the HCAP, to play side by side with the foreign pair Maneluk-Nummeli. His performance is, however, disappointing.Krister Cantoni returns to the shores of Lake Ceresio, too. He had played in the black-and-white youth section in his early years and had then left the Resega in order to acquire some notable experience elsewhere.However, the Lugano club has trouble getting started and has a hard time in finding its style. Koleff thus decides to purchase another Canadian player: Brandon Convery.This move, however, isn't really winning and, after the umpteenth defeat (on the part of the Berne team of the "ex Dubé), the management is rather under pressure and decides to separate definitely from Koleff, whose relationship with the fans and mass-media appears to be rather worn-out.An era is thus abruptly closed.Larry "Harry Potter" Huras arrives as new coach. Game after game, he spreads faith and fighting spirit everywhere and gets the Lugano club back on its feet. In fact, as if by magic, the team manages to give its best and entertain the public once again.At the end of a very balanced regular season, the Lugano club comes in fourth. Ahead of it in the ranking there are the following teams: Davos, ZSC and Berne.The play-off series begins against the Kloten team; as usual, this opponent is particularly difficult to tackle, but the newly-born Lugano team manages to dominate rhythms and timing, thus attaining the qualification for the semi-final.In the meantime, as a support for the defending line � temporarily lacking the injured Nummelin � the greatly solid and reliable American defence Barry Richter steps in.The opponent that has to be confronted in the semi-final is, once again, the Zurich Lions team.But this year the tendency finally changes. Thanks to two convincing victories at the Hallenstadion, the black-and-whites impose themselves with the result 4 to 1, which is also due to the scoring vein on the parts of Convery and Maneluk, and to the whole team's great defence.Waiting for us in the final is the Davos team led by Arno Del Curto, the current champion.The first two games are won by the team from Canton Graubünden and � seemingly � its aim in rejecting the attacks on the part of the Lugano club for the national trophy works out. But the latter doesn't give up, on the contrary! It brings out its fighting spirit in the rink and � starting from Contest 3 and with a character enviable to the greatest gladiators � will win the four remaining games.This was a task achieved by the whole team as such,nike basket, and not by the single top players, such as Rüeger, the tireless Keith Fair, the conveniently handy Murovic, the brilliant Nummelin, and a very much inspired R?theli.Contest 6, which counts as match point, is clearly dominated by Captain Fuchs and fellows in an over-crowded Resega with a peremptory 4 to 1 made possible by an excellent collective performance.The black-and-white team thus snatches the cup from the hands of an extremely disappointed Reto Von Arx and brings the black-and-whites' sixth title to the shores of Lake Ceresio.This is a title that all the fans from Lugano will never forget, being the last title won by the great Sandro Bertaggia as player.Sandro, an indomitable bulldog, a great man and model player, decides in fact to withdraw and gives up ice skating. His career was a fantastic one and lasted a good 18 seasons with over 800 participations in National League A and 6 Swiss champion titles with the Lugano jersey!...the unique jersey Number 2 that no other black-and-white will ever wear...For the 2003/2004 season, the Swiss black-and-white team is completed by some minor finishing touches: the great Sandro Bertaggia is substituted by the young and talented defender from Langnau, Steve Hirschi, born in 1981.During the summer, there's a lot of talk about the possible arrival of Oleg Petrov as Maneluk's substitute, but then, considering everyone's wishes (in particular the team's and the North End's) the decision to keep Iron Mike is taken. He is going to play side by side with a legendary Finnish hockey player, Ville Peltonen, already world champion with his hat-trick in the final and who, in January, had held the Continental Cup's winning trophy as captain of the Jokerit team right here at the Resega (see picture). The third foreigner is the untouchable Petteri Nummelin who, incidentally, will also receive the MVP prize for the preceding season. The introduction of two young men in the first team's group should also be proudly acknowledged: Mattia Bianchi (born in 1984) and Roman Botta (born in 1984, too).The championship begins and proceeds brilliantly; the black-and-whites � spurred in particular by the forwards' extraordinary vein in the rival team � conclude the regular season at the top of the ranking, ahead of the Berne team, and with a record that had never been registered before: 74 points in 48 games played!It's the beginning of January. The team, followed by more than a hundred fans, undergoes the experience of a lifetime in Gomel, a city in one of the poorest countries of the poor, Belarus. From the sporting point of view, there's a certain disappointment regarding the new bronze medal in the Continental Cup's Superfinal. After having defeated the Rouen team, the Lugano club loses by a hair against the home team (3-2), and in the end, wins the finals for the third place in a lovely game against the current Russian runners-up of the Severstal Cherepovets team.On 22 February 2004, the Resega lives an afternoon of intense emotions. In a mood of great collective participation, Alfio Molina's jersey nr. 1, Sandro Bertaggia's jersey nr. 2 and Pat Schafhauser's jersey nr. 4 are officially collected. The last-named is connected "live" by satellite and is deeply moved all the way from Minneapolis to the new giant screens at the Resega.In the first round of the play-offs, the black-and-whites confront the Fribourg team, whom they eliminate in four games. But then the ghosts of the ZSC Lions team reappear in the semi-final.The Lugano team wins the first home contest hands down, but loses the subsequent three, one of which in extra time at the Resega and one at the penalty shots in an away game! It's forbidden to lose now and, as is common knowledge, when the going gets tough… the tough get going!At the Resega, the black-and-whites disallow the first matchball on the part of the Zurich team and the second one at the Hallenstadion thanks to an incredible recovery in the game's last instants (with Rüeger on the bench and a goal by Peltonen) and a goal in extra time on the part of Maneluk (see picture) and the third one at the Resega once again. Incredible but true… in the end, the Lugano team eliminates the Lions team and is in the final!Therefore, the ones to play in the final for the title of Swiss Champions are the players from the Huras team and the ones from the Berne team.The "best of five" will be carried out for the final. The contest starts at the Resega and the Lugano team seems to be in trouble… it had lost its psychophysical energies in the semi-final two days earlier… and immediately loses the home advantage, too.The second game, played at the BernArena, is won once again by the bears 2 to 1 and, as had already been the case with the ZSC team, the Lugano team can't afford to lose anymore! So at the Resega, the team plays a perfect game and brings the Berne team to the fourth game. In front of an incredible public, completely crazy about the capital's team, the black-and-white team recovers once again and shoots a goal, thanks to a brilliant dart on Nummelin's part (see picture) … the winning goal only three minutes to the end.The prize-giving is thus decided at the fifth and last game in a completely booked-out Resega and after a memorable hunt for a ticket. The encounter is well-balanced until the end when, only 32 seconds (!!!) before the last whistle, Maneluk pulls off a tie and defers the outcome in extra time (with Rüeger still on the bench).But unfortunately, energies are running low… and the Berne team manages to grasp its victory at minute 14.20 in extra time with a goal by Marc Weber.All of this takes place in the presence of an exemplary sporting mood on the part of the public, even when the cup is handed over.Congratulations to the new champions of the Berne team, but congratulations to the Lugano team, too, for having given us a really unforgettable play-off, which will make history as the greatest play-off ever played in Switzerland!The season 2004/2005 will be registered into the annals of Swiss Ice Hockey History as one of the most interesting ones and for the HC Lugano as one of the strangest. The reasons are obvious: For once the lockout in the NHL. World stars such as Joe Thornton, Rick Nash, Niklas Hagmann, Dan Brière and Martin St. Louis showed their skills on Swiss ice fields. Next the early drop out of the title candidate HC Lugano during the quarter finals against the actual Swiss Master SC Bern. Who later got worsted of the HC Davos.The HC Lugano won sovereign the regular season, this thanks the two outstanding goal keepers and the two Finns Petteri Nummelin and Ville Peltonen. Because of, or owing to the lockout, the HC Lugano committed the Swiss NHL Goalie of the Colorado Avalanche, David Aebischer (photo). He propelled Ronnie Rueger to maximum output. The situation in the NHL remained meanwhile unclear for the Trainer staff: Aebischer could have returned from one day to other to the NHL. This uncertainty helped Ronnie Rueger to play more and forced David Aebischer to be the reservist.The long championship winter of the HC Lugano is characterized by a long injuries list. The adductor problems of Mike Maneluk, two brain concussions of Benoit Gratton, from whom the HCL technicians predict a promising season, but who could never fulfil the expectations. But nevertheless Lugano remains the solid table leader. In the Resega the NHL stars replace another: Kimmo Timonen, Jason Blake and above all Alex Tanguay (picture), a 24 years old great player, who is however pursued by injuries and bad luck. First an old hip injury breaks open again - he returned after two months and suffers promptly on a knee joint injury. Tanguay must throw the towel briefly before the beginning of the playoffs.The HCL management obligates Martin Gelinas (picture) - a star, with more than 1000 NHL games experience and a double Stanley Cup winner. He played (because of lockout) in the national league B with Forward Morges. The evening before the playoffs received Paul di Pietro the Swiss passport. He had a good season at the partner team EHC Chur.Playoffs begin. Opponent: the SC Berne. The acting Swiss Master had an extremely turbulent season behind, shaped from the coach change and plays "on death and life", to rich the 8th place on the championship to qualify for the playoffs.The quarter finals series ended with 4-1 for Bern. The decision in the "game of the games" was made by the goal made by the young defender Furrer in overtime. For the HC Lugano, its players and the fans was a great tragedy. Expectations, after the brilliant regular season, were high - the crash brutal. And a breath of sadness covered the Resega, as JJ Aeschlimann after 14 successful seasons with the HC Lugano his farewell round in the dismayed Resega turns...The new championship 2005/2006 begins: Lugano wins with regularity, and often the team proposes a convincing game to a demanding public. Just a few weeks are enough to understand that Glen Metropolit's arrival from Jokerit Helsinki (he'll be the Topscorer of the whole regular season) has allowed Lugano to improve its game. Jason York, with more than 700 games in the NHL, reinforces the defence and Lugano is on the top of the league standings, but the team frequently shows a minimalist attitude, and it tends to rest on its laurels.Before Christmas the club announces, drum's rolls, that Larry Huras won't be the technician of the future. Frankly, this wasn't an unexpected new but was argued at length, also because in the following weeks, many key men reproached a loss in the performance, however, some loud victories at Ambrì and Davos gave some illusion.But when the important games began, nervous fragilities and scarce incisiveness emerged, principally considering the previous intense Olympic emotions, to whom seven players contributed with Finland and Switzerland with all their strength. Ambrì exploited all its resources and pushed Lugano to the edge of an unbearable blow and the direction reacted with the exemption of the technician. The supporters went mad, and some people fell in the verbal aggression, and others, strong with an indestructible faith, overwhelmed the players with inciting messages: impossible is nothing!The new leaders, head coach Harold Kreis from partnerteam Chur and co-coach Ivano Zanatta dispatched the responsibilities and asked the players, their brains, hearts and balls. With the weapon of the poor that is humility, the team thickened. The crazy goal of Vauclair at the Valascia was a sign of the doom, and the locker room became granite, waterproof to any attempt of destabilization. Each player was aware that only with one's sacrifice to this cause the miracle could still happen. This undertaking, that never happened in Europe before (only two times in the NHL!), became reality the 19th of March 2006: from 0-3 to 4-3 in the series against Ambrì.The anguish to lose against the "cousins" vanished, and then came the most exiting part… With the impulse Lugano knocked down Kloten (4-1 in the semifinal series), the executioner of the leader Bern; biting but unripe Kloten challenged the current champion Davos: but there was no game. Lugano brushed the competitive and aesthetic perfection, and it travelled like a train in acceleration that runs over everything and everybody.Any player sublimated all his features, but the heroes were not the single players such as the sprite Nummelin, the bomber Hentunen, the terminator Gardner, the gladiator Sannitz, the terrible Metropolit and captain Peltonen.The whole team has triumphed thanks to the unity of intents reinforced in the difficulty.And when the 13th of April 2006, the final siren rang at the Resega, the HCL people was at the seventh heaven. The joy is much deeper and more authentic when suffering precedes victory.But this victory is also the pride of a team that has taught Ticino and the whole Switzerland what it means to honour the dress of the Hockey Club Lugano.After having touched to the seventh heaven, the society and the HCL fans lived very difficult months. The National Hockey League knocked at Metropolit's door, and just some time later, at Nummelin's, Peltonen's and York's too: a very tough blow on the sportive level. Never did a Swiss club lose four players in the same time, for a more prestigious scene. As that was not enough, the magistrate's investigation on the illegal payments shook the HCL direction within its very basements. A media "tsunami" that flowed towards the restructure of the board of directors that took place on the 29th of November 2006 with the resignations of Beat Kaufmann and of Fabio Gaggini from their respective functions, and with the election of Fausto Gianini as president of the Association, and above all that of the new board of the joint stock company lead by the new strong man of the club, Paolo Rossi.On the technical level, the head-coach Ivano Zanatta and the assistant-coach Glen Williamson had the task to forge the team and to mould it in the internal hierarchies and in the subdivision of the responsibilities. Inside the cage, after Ronnie Rüeger's departure to Kloten, the young Simon Züger is given full confidence. In the defence zone, the Swedish player Dick T?rnstr?m, MVP of the 2004 world championship, just arrived from the Stanley Cup, and Jason Strudwick, a solid worker with a long NHL experience got hired. On the forward front, the new foreigners who signed with the club are the inconstant USA scorer Landon Wilson and the second Swedish man, the playmaker Rickard Wallin.GiazzyThrough a waterproof resistance for what concerned the external turbulences, the group grew on the space of the regular season: and here was a team that liked to define itself as worker, and that the HCL people appreciated just for that. Sixty minutes of constant commitment, change after change, following Ivano's orders. Despite the loud accidents of Hirschi and Conne, captain Jeannin and his mates took part in this season, giving results much more satisfying than expected; the fact that the team fought to reach the first place until the very last moments and closing the season at the fourth rank, proves this.Meanwhile, in January 2007 the HCL family lived another unforgettable international experience. More than two hundred fans followed the team to Saint Petersburg for the Super Six tournament with the National champion teams of the six strongest European nations. Lugano climbed on a fully deserved podium by defeating F?rjestad (3-0), before bowing, with the same result, in front of Ak Bars Kazan, the Russian team with a financial potential worthy of the National Hockey league. For those who lived them, these were five unforgettable days, in which the warmth and the affection towards the players and the club turned out to be strengthened. On the other hand,mercurial vapor, the club too proved its willingness to be more dynamic and more instinctive by offering the free entrance to the game against Basel, that was followed by 6283 persons.Then the team got to the playoff where the quarter finals' adversary was Eldebrink's Kloten, with Hollenstein on the bench and Rintanen, Pittis and Hamr on the rink. Lugano offered its adversary the first victory by losing "game 1" through an unforeseeable distance collapse. Defeating the Schluefweg then became an obligation. The team brushed the enterprise but the flyers won the game during the overtime. An incredible 8-1 waked up the HCL ambitions once more, but thanks to their implacable powerplay, the flyers won back at home. After a new Lugano's success at the Resega, "game 6" decided its elimination. And the coup de grace was carried by the clamorous mistake made by the referee Prugger who whistled while the puck was still in movement, just when Jeannin was about to score 32 seconds before the final siren, what would have been the 2-2 goal.A conclusion that leaves some bitterness, even though this has been a constructive season, particularly on a future perspective. The Ladies Team winning once more the Swiss champion title has to be underlined as well, so should be the promotion of Ceresio/Lugano, a team composed in particular by Juniores Elite HCL and by ex players of the HCL family, in the first league.The approach of the 2007/2008 season is positive, and the media Lugano as a challenging team. The departures, back to the NHL, of T?rnstr?m and Strudwick seem well compensated by the arrival of the experienced Canadian defenseman Yannick Tremblay and by the come back, after some years in Northern America, of Timo Helbling.In the forward zone, with Ryan Gardner attracted by the financial mermaids of ZSC Lions, loses one of its best elements, replaced by the Swiss player Thierry Paterlini and by the athletic Kostovic and Knoepfli. In order to hold the first center role of Rickard Wallin, considered to be lacking in personality by the technical staff, the Canadian playmaker Marty Murray is recruited. The championship begins shyly even though the team does not appear very much inclined to be creative in the offensive phase. The 18th of October 2007, Jukka Hentunen, HCL top scorer, leaves Lugano after being confronted with the extraordinary occasion of an extremely lucrative contract with the Russian team of the Ak Bars Kazan. The unexpected departure of the Finnish player will be loud in consequences. The collision strength in the forward front falls dramatically; Tremblay and Murray cannot achieve in dragging their mates; Wilson and some other are hurt and insecurity winds even in the back way, also due to the extended absence of Hirschi and to the inconsistency of the goal keeper. Towards middle November, managers and fans have the illusion to find a solution.The ex NHL star (674 games, 421 points) Anson Carter lands at Agno and starts with three goals in three games. He is immediately appreciated for his attitude towards hockey and life. After repeated accidents, delay in the physical condition and some doubts concerning his real motivations, Carter gradually disappears from the scene. The society invests the proceeds of Hentunen's transfer by bringing David Aebischer at the Resega with a four years contract. The latter is the first Swiss player having made a successful start in the NHL (214 games), winner of the Stanley Cup, goalkeeper with great talent, nevertheless put aside in the northern American scene. Simon Züger is handed to Basel. Between November and December, Lugano faces a new crisis.209 minutes without a single goal, a psychological fragility and a clear incapacity to react to the negative episodes, force Ivano Zanatta out of the team. In order to give a new motivation to the team, Kent Ruhnke, with his reputation of an iron leader is called. This move does not bring the expected changes. Ruhnke toils in finding the right feeling with the players, does not achieve in imposing his credo of an aggressive hockey, and finally is not very well accepted by Jeannin and mates. After eleven consecutive games in which the team did not achieve in realizing more than two goals, after an embarrassing 0-5 home game against Langnau Tiger and with the playoff line growing apart, the 9th of January John Slettvoll makes a clamorous come back.To try and save a year that seemed lost, the club played the emotive note and entrusted the team to this charismatic leader that is considered to best embody the glorious history of the Hockey Club Lugano. Only thirteen games to the end of the regular season, and the task of the sixty-three years old trainer is really difficult: to rebuild the moral, to give back the desire of playing to a team losing its hopes, to a team harshly criticized by the media and by the fans. This is true for most of the players apart from some single ones such as Julien Vauclair and his brother Tristan. John, who came back to help the club, entirely devoted his presence to the team. To complete the foreigners' group, the Swedish scorer Jonas H?glund and the Finnish center Toni H?pp?l? are integrated.But the playoff chase, starting with four successes, was not carried out, and for the first time after twenty-two years, Lugano had to take part in the playout: an experience that was nightmarish. The anxiety to win, the fear to lose against such a weak team as Basel and the numerous hurt players converted these five games into pure suffering for more than two thousand supports who remained faithful to the team and to the club. At the end Lugano won the series thanks to a very loud goal realized by the young Chiesa and to Landon Wilson regained mood. The darker thoughts vanished and the last evening finished happily with John Stettvoll being applauded as a hero by the grateful public of the Resega. This season is indeed a lesson of humility on all the levels, and will be needed to draw the right teaching to set the future.Continuity, at least at the balustrade, was the key word of the season 2008/2009 with John Slettvoll renewing his contract with the HCL and convincing the society to placing two young compatriots as assistants: Jesper J?ger and Christian Lechtaler.The players' purchasing campaign has been very important this year. The club faced Jeannin's goodbye, joining Pelletier's team over the Sarine, Wirz' and Knoepfli's departures with Romano Lemm's hiring � even though a serious shoulder accident compromised half of his season � and especially with Domenichelli's arrival. The Canadian forward, leader at Ambrì for several years, married to a Swiss woman and therefore waiting for his Swiss passport, started with a serious handicap due to the breaking of the right knee's collateral ligament, happened in December 2008. But in August he was already on the ice, confirming his scorer's skills realizing some twenty goals, before being stopped again by a new problem at the same knee... certainly less important but clearly enough to losing the playoff train. However, the scoop was Petteri Nummelin's come back at the Resega after two seasons in the NHL. The Finnish player didn't lose anything from his talent: his genius, goals and assists are always valuable and spectacular assets!In a championship balanced towards the height � Del Curto's Davos standing out, Bern leaving the competition at the quarter finals even though having dominated the regular season, ZSC Lions winning the Champions league but also leaving the playoff scene against Fribourg without even winning a single match � Slettvoll's Lugano showed a wavering behaviour. Good performances crossed incomprehensible defeats.Individually speaking, apart from Nummelin, the excellent Aebischer and the sniper Brady Murray (son of Andy Murray), the twenty-four years old Norwegian player Patrick Thoresen stood out. The Aries from Philadelphia was able to combining physical strength and quality: he is a leader. On the other hand, Randy Robitaille's performance was disappointing. The Canadian centre, arriving at Lugano at end of August and bringing many expectations (top scorer in Switzerland during the lockout season and more than 10 seasons in the NHL) had to overcome a cardiac problem, but, apart from rare exceptions, he never managed to engage the game. A whole chapter was written by John Pohl alone. The American player, convincing during the preparation phase and good at the beginning of the championship, was then left on the bench by the technical staff, with probably unconvincing arguments too. But the player's reactions were bad and his behaviour during the training sessions indeed unacceptable. He was released at the end of January to making more space to the young Swedish forward Johan Fransson.John Slettvoll was unable to manage the situation properly, increasing bad mood and the press falling on the society sum up the five foreigners' torment that ruined the locker room's atmosphere. Those were the first frailty signals from Umea's man who, around Christmas couldn't accept the society's communication concerning the wish not to continue with him as technical guide. Slettvoll's boundless ego prevailed on the team and on the club's good and on the 7th of January 2009, at a derby's eve, he abandoned everything and everybody accusing of betrayal the club and all its components.With a team floating in the league standing's slack middle, after the interim and the won derby with Ruben Fontana, Hannu Virta, ex coach of TPS Turku was called from Finland to direct captain N?ser and his mates. Sandro Bertaggia, mature with some years of experience with the youthful section, was put by his side. The players couldn't manage to win before the sixtieth minute and played an impressive number of overtime and penalty's series.The quarter finals match was then Davos-Lugano: a spectacular series with emotions, crazy rhythm and enthusiasm back to the HCL people.With Conne's most generous goal at the additional time, Lugano stood on the edge of the precipice but won the sixth game at the Resega at the penalties and went to the Vaillant Arena for the final one. A total disaster (7-1) that marked the fans' collective imaginary and stained all the good things built during all these months. From the explosion of the promising Matteo Nodari and Mauro J?rg to the highest level to the come back of Steve Hirschi… this season shows that professionalism will have to be a key word, and Hirschi, the hero of the season who has been able to exit the tunnel, is certainly to be applauded and an example to be followed.[edit] References^ Source: www.hclugano.chRetrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_HC_Lugano"Categories: HC LuganoHidden categories: Articles needing cleanup from August 2009 | All pages needing cleanup | Wikipedia introduction cleanup from August 2009 | Pages missing lead section | Articles needing sections from August 2009 | All articles needing sectionsPersonal toolsNew featuresLog in / create accountNamespacesArticleDiscussionVariantsViewsReadEditView historyActionsSearchNavigationMain pageContentsFeatured contentCurrent eventsRandom articleInteractionAbout WikipediaCommunity portalRecent changesContact WikipediaDonate to WikipediaHelpToolboxWhat links hereRelated changesUpload fileSpecial pagesPermanent linkCite this pagePrint/exportCreate a bookDownload as PDFPrintable version This page was last modified on 29 October 2009 at 15:02.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;additional terms may apply.See Terms of Use for details.Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.Contact usPrivacy policyAbout WikipediaDisclaimers




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List of The Real Hustle episodes - Wikipedia, the

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List of The Real Hustle episodes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

List of The Real Hustle episodesFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation,searchThis article needs additional citations for verification.Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2009)This is an episode list for The Real Hustle. All dates are the first broadcast on BBC Three in the United Kingdom.Contents1 Series 12 Series 23 Series 34 Series 45 Series 5 - Las Vegas6 Series 6 - High Stakes7 Series 7 - On Holiday8 Series 8 - Undercover9 Specials10 References[edit] Series 1Episode 1Air date: 9 Feb 2006The team performs the classic monte scam at the beach (The Monte), Paul and Alex steal a necklace by pretending to catch a counterfeiter (The Jewellery Shop Scam), and a proposition bet involves three shots and three pints, steal information from your computer using a keylogger (the keylogger scam), pick someone's pocket using a packet of mustard (the mustard dip), and steal deposits by renting a flat they don't own.Episode 2Air date: 16 Feb 2006Scams include overcharging for worthless packages (the postal scam), a proposition bet to swap a shot of whisky with a shot of water, selling forged lottery tickets (the lottery scam), stealing a laptop from an airport using an x-ray machine and a lookalike laptop bag, steal a bag by distracting a mark with a window tap (the window tap) and conning aspiring popstars into handing over ￡500 to produce a tacky demo tape (the bogus agency scam).Episode 3Air date: 23 Feb 2006The team reveal how fake customs officers are committing daylight robbery by stripping unwitting travellers of their supposedly contraband possessions (the customs seize scam), a pool proposition bet to test who can get a pool ball further by pushing down on the ball, the jam auction, run a "pop the balloon" booth at a fairground, steal a laptop by asking someone to mind one of the hustler's bag (mind my bag) and steal credit card information by offering a wifi network that seems legit (the wifi scam).Episode 4Air date: 2 Mar 2006The team trick a barman into paying a reward for a supposedly valuable ring using "the honeytrap" (the ring reward rip-off). Then they con punters at a car-boot sale into buying worthless scraps of paper in a Black money scam, perform a proposition bet that requires the mark to turn 3 cups up in 3 moves, show the postman scam in the art of the pickpocket and deceive three professional poker players from The Hendon Mob by bringing in a cold deck and sleight of hand.Episode 5Air date: 9 Mar 2006The hustlers sell a hire car over and over again (the hire-car scam), trick a shop owner into accepting counterfeit bills by making them seem like they came from the shop's till (the counterfeit cash con), show how `blue-jacking' phones brings dividends, win a proposition bet that really steals money from a bar by performing a magic trick, pick a pocket using the pinch-push pocket pick, and clone ATM cards by using a card reader to steal bank card data and PINs.Episode 6Air date: 16 Mar 2006The team claim compensation for "damaged" goods after orchestrating an accident (the melon drop), reveal real chances of winning at a fruit machine and a cheat to get info about them, use other people's phones to call premium-rate lines (the courier con), propose a proposition bet in a pool hall, steal marks' bags using a larger bag with a false bottom (the booster bag scam) and make unsuspecting drivers pay for false parking tickets (the car park con).Episode 7Air date: 23 Mar 2006They obtain credit cards in a victim's name just from items found in rubbish bins (the i.d. theft hustle), steal valuables by pretending to be lost (the map scam), beg money with a sob story (the sob story scam), bet a pool player with a tricky shot (proposition bet), confuse shopkeepers into giving them too much change (the change raising con) and run tin can alley at a fairground.Episode 8Air date: 30 Mar 2006The hustlers rig a dice game "put and take" (the rigged dice rip off), win a proposition bet involving 3 match boxes, pretend that they have psychic powers (the psychic scam), a pool hustle involving 1 ball stacked on top of two others and a review of the scams throughout the series.[edit] Series 2Episode 1Air date: 7 Sept 2006The team con a delivery man into giving them his goods (Van Dragging), make sure a couple of people in a cafe overhear a phone conversation about an 'expensive' plate (Eaves Drop Scam) and then bring out a duplicate of the plate and do the Eaves Drop Scam again and again, win another round of drinks with a Proposition Bet about drinking a shot hidden under a hat, replace a man's wallet with a wad of newspaper (The Phantom Wallet) and get someone to buy a car before making off with the car and the cash (Home Alone). City of London Police DCI Richard Jack and Dr Paul Seager, a lecturer in Forensic & Social Psychology, add their comments.Episode 2Air date: 14 Sept 2006The hustlers steal a handbag then trick the victim into revealing her card PIN via a fake customer service line (The Bag and Pin Snatch), steal household belongings through front door letterboxes (The Long Stick), use a Proposition Bet on the circumference of a beer glass being longer than its height to get a free round, empty a woman's bank account by swapping her bank card as she's using it (The Cash Card Switch) and collect companies' takings by 'guarding' a bank's disabled night-safe (The Drop Box). DCI Richard Jack (City of London Police) and former master forger and security consultant Frank Abagnale are interviewed.Episode 3Air date: 21 Sept 2006How to steal someone's car by pretending to be a valet parking service, pretending to have an injured leg so as to steal watches, a proposition bet where you lift a shot glass using two coins, a shop selling hugely marked up beauty products and a waitress skimming credit cards.Episode 4Air date: 28 Sept 2006 The hustlers earn deposits on mobile phones that will never sell, and how not to loose your wallet to fake security guards.Episode 5Air date: 5 Oct 2006How to steal a car with a clever bit of role playing and how a mock auction can con members of the public into buying cheap goods.Episode 6Air date: 12 Oct 2006How to con members of the public into giving away credit card details via a fake charity scratch card.Episode 7Air date: 19 Oct 2006Laptop memory upgrade con, picking pockets in a cafe, best of three coin toss con, hacking wireless network and selling cheap knives with an infomercial.Episode 8Air date: 26 Oct 2006Paul, Alex and Jess set up an exclusive fashion store, but what their customers don't realise is that their vintage purchases are just worthless second hand clothes. Alex works his charms as a fake waiter and Paul dupes another punter into buying him a free drink. One woman learns never to let bogus workmen into her house and the Hustlers expose an ATM scam that could leave your bank account empty.Episode 9Air date: 2 Nov 2006This episode uncovers a car clamping scam that could leave you ￡50 out of pocket. The hustlers show us how simple it is to sell non-organic produce as organic with a marked up price, and Paul shows us how easy it is to con the public out of their cash in an origami scam that leaves you with a worthless ￡10 note.Episode 10Air date: 9 Nov 2006Alex and Paul set up a market stall that sells fake showbiz memorabilia and dodgy autographs, while Jess sells non-existent bus tour vouchers to unsuspecting tourists. Plus, three ways you could be short-changed after buying something.[edit] Series 3Episode 1Air date: 15 Mar 2007Alex and Paul sell games consoles at cheap prices to get some lads to give them their cash. Also Jess and Alex use a hotel to steal someone's credit card details just by overhearing their name and room number.Episode 2Air date: 22 Mar 2007Alex drops a wallet full of Euros in the Drop Swindle. Jess fills a bag with leaflets in the tourist information centre and sells them to marks as discount packs. Paul gets free drinks by putting a 10p through a hole in a ￡10 note which only seems large enough for a 5p. Alex pretends to be a concierge and makes off with luggage outside a hotel. Alex and Paul get a dog from the dog's home and sell it for ￡200 by tricking the buyer into thinking that it is of a valuable pedigree breed.Episode 3Air date: 29 Mar 2007Jess cons people into giving her money in a pub by posing as a barmaid. Paul gets a neighbouring table to pay for his bill in a restaurant. Alex wins a proposition bet involving a ￡20 note and a beer bottle. Jess signs up unsuspecting passers-by to an expensive text message service by asking to borrow their mobile phones by pretending she needs to send an important, but ordinary text; she actually subscribes them. Paul and Alex win big by stacking the deck in a game of drunken poker.Episode 4Air date: 5 April 2007Paul accidentally overpays for a purchase in an antique shop with his last cheque. He asks for the change in cash, but of course, the cheque is going to bounce. Alex reconfigures mobiles phones causing them to ring premium phone lines belonging to the hustlers. Paul wins a proposition bet involving a chain and a ring. Paul and Alex try their luck at backgammon with controlled dice shots and hustling techniques. Jess walks into a high street computing store to steal expensive software off of the display Apple Macintosh computers.Episode 5Air date: 12 April 2007The hustlers demonstrate pickpocketing techniques while crossing the road. Paul sells an envelope of worthless newspaper to some students, fooling them that it is full of cash. Jess wins a proposition bet involving hands and elbows. Paul and Alex demonstrate extreme social compliance by posing as policeman investigating suspected stolen goods, only to steal the goods themselves. They also use mis-spotted and loaded dice to scam other gamblers in a casino.Episode 6Air date: 19 April 2007Alex and Jess fake an argument in a jeweller's shop allowing Paul to use sleight of hand to steal an expensive watch. Alex cons restaurants by pretending his tie was stained with wine, then increases the amount written on the cheques. Alex wins a proposition bet with a pedantic definition of the phrase "in thirty seconds". Paul and Alex demonstrate social compliance by posing as police officers. Alex and Paul use past posting to rip-off a roulette wheel.Episode 7Air date: 26 April 2007Paul and Alex pose as gas installers and rip off unsuspecting householders. Jess hacks into a cash machine to double her money. Paul wins a proposition bet involving a saucer of liquid and some matches. All three hustlers get a free lunch with an elaborate series of coordinated scams against a restaurant. Paul and Alex use memory, observational, and mathematical techniques to win at Blackjack.Episode 8Air date: 3 May 2007Paul and Alex sell dodgy camcorders from a white van to unsuspecting members of the public. The gang con a pub into letting them take away a fruit machine in plain sight. Jess wins a proposition bet involving three stacks of 10p coins. Alex, posing as a respectable restaurant owner, sells one bottle of cheap wine for ￡240. Alex and Paul steal chips from other players in a casino.[edit] Series 4Episode 1Air date: 30 July 2007Alex and Jess rob a hotel room by posing as hotel employees; Jess and Paul pretend to be from a film crew, ask a mark if they can rent his car as a prop, and drive off right in front of him; Jess wins a proposition bet using three full and three empty shot glasses, then scams herself a free beauty session; the hustlers head to Ibiza to fool holidaymakers into parting with their money for some worthless purses.Episode 2Air date: 6 August 2007Alex and Jess empty a house by faking a security survey and a prize draw; in Ibiza, the team sell fake jewels; Paul wins a proposition bet involving money and your third finger; Alex swaps the padlock from a fitness club attender and clears out his locker; and the hustlers sell bogus miracle fat-busting products.Episode 3Air date: 13 August 2007The hustlers sell a fake device which supposedly adds credit to an Oyster Card; cheat in 3 card brag by marking cards and using reflections; win a proposition bet trying to knock a 10p piece off your forehead; demonstrate pickpocketing using distraction techniques; and use police costumes to sell advertising in a fake magazine.Episode 4Air date: 20 August 2007The hustlers pass counterfeit cash by previously handing shops a pen that supposedly detects counterfeit notes; demonstrate scams that a bartender can pull; get people to hand overEpisode 5Air date: 27 August 2007The gang sell a car but keep a spare set of keys to steal it back (The Boomerang); install a fake cash machine to duplicate the cards and PINs of unsuspecting passers-by (The Cash Machine Con); win a proposition bet involving listing words without the letters A, B, C, J, K and M; go undercover as recruitment consultants but the only thing they're making a career out of is identity theft (The Recruitment Scam); and demonstrate electronic devices to help beat the casino (Casino Gambling Devices).Episode 6Air date: 3 September 2007The gang pull off an escrow scan by pretending to be a trustworthy pub landlord; manage to persuade a couple to give them ￡200 for some worthless vouchers in the pretense of a prize draw; sell overpriced goods (for example, 100 nails described as "100 metal coat hangers") without technically lying; and use skillful sleight-of-hand techniques to beat the Blackjack table. The probability bet involves drinking a shot of rum without spilling a drop.Episode 7Air date: 10 September 2007The hustlers make up an event, hire a band, then steal their equipment; sell fake tickets for a club night in Ibiza; demonstrate a fairground pendulum game that is physically impossible to win; and deliver empty parcels, cash on delivery, to unsuspecting small businesses. The proposition bet involves balancing a glass on top of three glasses and three knives.Episode 8Air date: 17 September 2007The gang rely on the goodwill of hotel owners towards (fake) VIP guests to make them pay for worthless deliveries; play Three-card Monte to hustle some holidaymakers; park a 'broken down' refrigerated delivery van in a residential street and need to sell its contents quickly, but sell empty boxes instead; and sell dolls' house furniture to people who assume it is the full size thing on an Internet auction site. The proposition bet involves separating two glasses without touching them.Episode 9Air date: 24 September 2007The hustlers fool a white van man into thinking he has hit a pedestrian and get him to pay for her "damaged" laptop (The Flop); rip-off some holidaymakers with what looks like a very cheap exchange rate but sell them blank paper instead of cash (Exchange Rate Rip-Off); demonstrate an unfair fairground game involving throwing hoops over clothes pegs (Peg A Prize) and drive off an expensive car with a fake hotel valet parking slip (Valet Steal). The Proposition Bet involves drinking from a sherry glass (placed upside down in a larger brandy glass) without touching it with your hands.Episode 10Air date: 1 October 2007Paul takes full advantage of a hotel's services (and room contents) using nothing more than an air of authority (Fake Doctor); a lure of big money for little work puts an unquestioning member of the public in a difficult position (Reshipping Scam); the Proposition Bet is that a coin can't be removed from beneath two balanced matches; the Cover The Spot fairground game is shown to be harder than it looks; and the team walk off with the personal belongings of a cafe's customers in less than 3 minutes, under the pretense of storing them in a cloakroom (Get Yer Coat).Episode 11Air date: 8 October 2007The hustlers dress up as security guards, turn up at a shop which is expecting its weekly cash takings to be collected, and walk off with the loot; pose as the legitimate owners of sunloungers and collect rental fees from holidaymakers on the beach; man a rigged fun fair stall where people try and throw a ball into a basket; and pretend to be strangers and secretly collude in order to win a poker tournament. The proposition bet is to move an egg from one glass to another without touching it and without moving the glasses.Episode 12Air date: 15 October 2007The gang hire some expensive jewelry for a fake photo shoot, which comes accompanied by security guards, and walk out with it via a hidden door behind a changing curtain; and con some holidaymakers into believing they need to pay a fine for speeding. The proposition bet involves throwing a glass of beer in someone's face. The episode ends with a recap of some of the cons from this series.[edit] Series 5 - Las VegasEpisode 1Air date: 12 February 2008A couple are left with an immobilised car and without their luggage after a meeting with Alex, Paul and Jess (Wobbly Tyre); chip palming techniques are practised in Dealerrrr Scams; a quick buck is made by Jess with her Change Raising hustle; the Proposition Bet is to retrieve a $50 note from water-filled, sealed glasses; and $80,000 worth of jewellery is stolen by a fake sheikh (Mystery Millionaire).Episode 2Air date: 12 February 2008Alex and Paul dress as valets to steal cars (Valet Distraction); Dealer Scams explains the Fake Chip Stack; Jess poses as the hotel inspector from hell so she can steal guests' belongings (The Fake Hotel Inspector); a Proposition Bet asks 3 questions about a watch; and the team hit a casino for thousands of dollars in a brazen scam without anyone suspecting a thing (Shoe Switch).Episode 3Air date: 18 February 2008The hustlers fake a heart condition to steal the pot in a poker game (The Big Bluff); the team go to extreme lengths to show how pickpockets operate (The Snip); Jess uses her feminine wiles to win some money in a game of pool (Pool Bet Puzzle); and con a pair of passers-by with a rigged game of dice (Street Dice). Dealer Scams looks at Flashing The Hole CardEpisode 4Air date: 25 February 2008A superstore is relieved of some expensive merchandise through the ingenious use of an empty box (Superstore Swindle); the Proposition Bet is to retrieve a cork from inside a wine bottle; a pair of gamblers happily hand over their winnings in the Slot Machine Sting; Dealer Scams looks at the Delusion Shuffle; and a trio of wannabe hustlers are hustled themselves in the Backfiring Bet.Episode 5Air date: 3 March 2008A group of tourists are taken for a ride as their luggage is stolen (Shuttle Bus Swindle); the Proposition Bet is to throw and catch dice in a glass; Jess makes off with a slot player's coin bucket (The Bucket Blag); Dealer Scams demonstrates how to gain extra chips by using hidden moves; and Alex and Paul hustle a group of lads out of their drinking money using the Eddie Fields Card Trick.Episode 6Air date: 10 March 2008A father and daughter are taken with bogus discount chips in The Twist; the Proposition Bet is to remove a glass from beneath a finely balanced match; the Umbrella Drop and Rat's Tale pickpocket techniques are demonstrated in Las Vegas Lifts; Paul wins easy money with more Pool Bet Puzzles; and false assumptions and sleight of hand allow Alex to rob a necklace in the Jewellery Store Steal.Episode 7Air date: 17 March 2008An ingenious convincer parts a man from his cash (despite a skeptical partner) as he buys The Fake Lottery Predictor; the Proposition Bet shows how the interleaved pages of books can beat muscle and win drinks; Dealer Scams looks at the Lay Stack; Pool Bet Puzzles include potting a coin into a shot glass; and Slot Thieves demonstrates how a $7 device called a monkey paw and some feminine charm can lead to big bucks on the slot machines.Episode 8Air date: 24 March 2008Alex pretends to be a blind man to cheat a casino (Blind Man's Bluff); Jess places her head through a business card in a Proposition Bet; Paul cons an unsuspecting couple into buying counterfeit casino chips (Discount Casino Chips); and Dealer Scams looks at the Bust-Out Dealer. Finally,nike jordan, a series overview looks at some of the scams pulled by the trio over the last eight programmes and runs through a checklist of lessons learned.[edit] Series 6 - High StakesEpisode 1Air date: 9 October 2008An innocent bystander is conned into paying ￡2000 to stop the publication of paparazzi photos (The Sweetheart Scam). The team shows how easy it is to steal thousands of pounds of high value goods from right under the nose of a top hotel (The Inside Job). Matt Dawson is challenged to a round of golf in Celebrity Con Games.Episode 2Air date: 16 October 2008The boys demonstrate an ingenious method to sneak a marked pack of cards into a big money poker game (Lady Luck). The Pigeon Drop rips off some marks who think they've found a bag full of cash. Celebrity Con Games features Joanna Page in a cracker eating competition.Episode 3Air date: 23 October 2008Described as the "most common scam in the world", the 419 scam is demonstrated; Jess persuades someone to hand over his car keys as security while he does her a favour by taking what he thinks is ￡7000 of her money to a money exchange (The Unfair Exchange); and JK and Joel are challenged to get four eggs into four glasses in one move (Celebrity Con Games).Episode 4Air date: 30 October 2008Alex poses as a talented but shy mathematician to convince people to invest in a Blackjack system; Jess steals some items from a shop by hiding them in a pregnancy dress (Bun in the Oven); and Alex beats a horse ridden by Tara Palmer-Tomkinson in a slalom race on foot (Celebrity Con Games).Episode 5Air date: 6 November 2008Paul reprises his role as a fake doctor to convince marks to bet at a fake betting shop run by the team (The Wire); Alex shoplifts by using a mark's open bag as a diversion (The False Alarm); and Dick and Dom challenge Jess to a game of strength (Celebrity Con Games).Episode 6Air date: 13 November 2008The team sets up their own art gallery to sell fake art by a famous artist (Picture Perfect); Alex and Paul demonstrate ways people can steal handbags (The Handbag Hustles); and Chico is challenged to a string game with balloons with the promise that Jess will have to take her clothes off if he succeeds (Celebrity Con Games).Episode 7Air date: 20 November 2008The hustlers trick two marks with an elaborate version of the Black Money Scam; Paul sets up a dodgy bureau de change (Currency Exchange Cons); and Steve Backley is challenged to a distance throwing challenge (Celebrity Con Games).Episode 8Air date: 27 November 2008Paul becomes Maurice the Psychic to scam unsuspecting believers into parting with their savings (The Psychic); Jess spends an evening as a barmaid to demonstrate some Cocktail Cons; and Scott Mills is challenged in a blindfold guessing game (Celebrity Con Games).Episode 9Air date: 4 December 2008The team pose as antiques experts and manage to sell a couple their own statuette back to them (Double Take); Alex and Paul successfully perform a variant of phishing, except in the real-life environment of a shopping-centre instead of online (Stake-out Scam); and Aldo Zilli is challenged to break an egg with a frying pan (Celebrity Con Games).Episode 10Air date: 11 December 2008A pair of marks are tricked into thinking they are buying the discs from the 2007 UK child benefit data scandal in the hope of gaining an award (The Go-between); a carefully constructed paper form ensures that companies still pay for a cancelled service (The Cancellation Con); and basketball player Steve Bucknall is challenged to a free throw competition with Alex (Celebrity Con Games).[edit] Series 7 - On HolidayEpisode 1Air date: 21 May 2009Jess convinces a mark to take a teddy to her nephew in Liverpool, but it contains a surprise (The Teddy Bear Scam); Andi Peters is challenged by Alex to tear apart a phonebook faster than he can (Celebrity Con Games); Paul convinces a couple he is their taxi driver, but walks off with their luggage while they wait (The Airport Pick Up); and Jess challenges two guys in a bar to get water out of a bottle faster than she can (Proposition Bets).Episode 2Air date: 28 May 2009Alex and Jess helpfully direct some holidaymakers to a local car mechanic (Paul), who relieves them of their keys (The Oil Slick Scam); Mark Foster is challenged by Paul to lift five gold bricks with one hand (Celebrity Con Games); Alex and Paul pose as security alarm technicians so they can later burgle a house (The Silent Alarm Sting); Alex demonstrates how to open a bottle with a piece of paper (Proposition Bets); and the team use a fake exchange rate website as a convincer to make a couple part with their money (The Currency Swindle).Episode 3Air date: 4 June 2009Alex demonstrates social compliance by posing as a police officer to take some tourists' passports (The Passport Cool-Out); Christian O'Connell is challenged by Alex to lift a table without touching it (Celebrity Con Games); the hustlers install fake car parking signs to get people to pay by text message (The Seaside Parking Swindle); Jess challenges some people in a bar to make a knot in a tie without letting go of the ends (Proposition Bets); and Alex clones swipe-card keys in a hotel to later walk off with guests' possessions (The Swipe).Episode 4Air date: 11 June 2009The team pay a cheque (which will bounce) to hire a boat,basket air jordan, then ask for some of the money back in cash (The Boat Hire Scam); Angellica Bell is challenged by Jess to pick up a piece of paper placed on her feet while standing against a wall (Celebrity Con Games); Alex acts drunk in a bar in order to pick pockets (The Pushout); Paul challenges some people in a bar to stand a matchbox upright using one finger (Proposition Bets); and Alex demonstrates how wearing a high visibility jacket allows him to steal a hire car under the noses of the people who just hired it (Gone in 600 Seconds).Episode 5Air date: 18 June 2009Alex and Jess sell some carpets from a market, but out of sight wrap up a cheap mat instead (The Wrap Up); Alex challenges someone in a bar to place coins on a napkin without overlapping the edge (Proposition Bets); Paul takes money from tourists by pretending to provide taxis at a discount rate (The Black Cab Con); Toby Anstis is given a challenge by Paul involving frying pans (Celebrity Con Games); and the team advertise a fake nightclub and take the entrance fee from the people queuing up (The Club Night Con).Episode 6Air date: 25 June 2009Paul offers to take photos of tourists using their own camera, but then the camera gets swiped by Jess and Alex (The Helpful Stranger); Iwan Thomas is given a challenge by Paul involving drinks bottles (Celebrity Con Games); Alex poses as a hotel manager to get guests' key cards from them (The Hotel Room Rip-Off); Jess challenges someone in a bar to float a cork in the centre of a glass of water with it drifting to the edge (Proposition Bets); and the team offer a free locker service in a busy shopping centre, then take all the lockers away complete with their contents (The Lock-Up).Episode 7Air date: 2 July 2009Alex uses sleight of hand to swap keys for a left luggage locker to later steal its contents (The Bus Station Steal); Michael Underwood is challenged by Jess to knock over a golf tee on a pool table (Celebrity Con Games); Jess uses a pushy attitude to force 'lucky heather' on people in the street,nike mercurial, but is actually picking their pockets (The Unlucky Heather Hustle); Paul bets that he can get over a hundred drops of wine out of a drained wine bottle (Proposition Bets); and Paul and Jess sell stolen theatre tickets to people in a bar (We Will We Will Rob You Scam).Episode 8Air date: 9 July 2009The team manufacture fake international phone cards that use premium rate phone lines (The Phone Home Hustle); Lisa Maffia is challenged to fold a large sheet of paper in half more than eight times (Celebrity Con Games); Paul poses as a car park attendant to sell bogus parking tickets to tourists (Superpass); Alex demonstrates how to put a balloon in a flame without it bursting (Proposition Bets); and Jess shows how giving a cheap gift to some people renting a holiday cottage helps her obtain ￡200 from them as a so-called deposit (The Gift Basket Con).Episode 9Air date: 16 July 2009Paul demonstrates how easy it is to switch a genuine bank note with a fake one (The Counterfeit Con); Alex rotates a glass twice in his hand without relaxing his grip (Proposition Bets); Jess steals the car from some people who help her change a tyre (The Good Samaritan Scam); Liz McClarnon is challenged to stand a bottle upright using a fork (Celebrity Con Games); and Alex and Jess never quite let marks win the big prizes in a fairground game (Lucky Tickets).Episode 10Air date: 23 July 2009Paul poses as a hotel bellboy to relieve some guests of their bags (The Hotel Check Out); Joel Beckett is challenged to knock a coin balanced on a pool ball outside a circle (Celebrity Con Games); Paul and Jess run a fairground game that you can never win (Razzle Dazzle); and Jess wins a bar bet using M?bius strips (Proposition Bets).[edit] Series 8 - UndercoverEpisode 1Air date: 14 January 2010Alex and Jess steal expensive cars during test drives (Auto Trade Up); actor Danny Dyer is taught how to perform the pitch and switch swindle, selling misleading goods from the back of a van (Celebrity Hustle); Paul and Jess sell a bogus product to help people quit smoking on a market stall (Smoking Cure Scam); and Paul demonstrates how to balance an egg on the rim of a bottle (Proposition Bets).Episode 2Air date: 21 January 2010The hustlers run a bogus lottery at a charity fundraising dinner (Charity Banquet Scam); actress Emilia Fox performs the melon drop swindle, where she knocks into a passerby and accuses him of breaking a parcel she was carrying (Celebrity Hustle); Paul and Alex put up their own speed limit signs and pose as traffic cops (Speeding Fine Scam); Alex demonstrates how to flip a spoon into a mug using a fork (Proposition Bets); and a wheelchair-bound Jess distracts a helpful woman in a train station allowing her bags to be taken by Alex (One Good Turn).Episode 3Air date: 28 January 2010A lady's bag theft starts a shocking chain of events. Celebrity hustler Caprice ends up being rescued after she runs out of beginner's luck and gets herself in hot water, and some cafe customers looking for help get turned over by PC Alex.Episode 4Air date: 4 February 2010An antiques shop owner receives an unwanted package and ends up losing a fortune. Celebrity hustler Danielle Lloyd is once bitten twice shy as emotions ride high, and a dog owner is forced to cough up more than she bargained for thanks to her errant pet.Episode 5Air date: 11 February 2010Jess fights the law, or rather an undercover Alex and Paul,air jordan, to fleece some film fans. Iain Lee uses his gift for the gab as this week's celebrity hustler. The hustlers get a group of unwitting job applicants to become their personal shoppers and Alex promises to take the strain at the airport but ends up taking a lot more.Episode 6Air date: 18 February 2010Two student flat hunters get stung by some hustling estate agents. Greg Rusedski experiences a different kind of racket when he stings jewellers in the celebrity hustle, while Alex and Paul get alternative as well as rich selling spiritual stones.Episode 7Air date: 25 February 2010One innocent-seeming text leads to the hustlers driving away in a man's pride and joy. Lucy Pinder pulls a stunt right under someone's nose in the celebrity hustle, and a man's hangover comes early when his night out is ruined by a surprise bar bill.Episode 8Air date: 4 March 2010Jess promises some clubbers their dream evening, which ends up as a nightmare. Emma Willis gets food for thought in a restaurant as a celebrity, and Alex and Paul roll the dice to fleece unlucky gamblers of all their cash.Episode 9Air date: 11 March 2010Alex and Paul play the heroes at a cash machine, but end up pulling a card trick. Huey Morgan needs his poker face to win big in a card game in the celebrity hustle, and a young couple give more than a tip to undercover waitress Jess.Episode 10Air date: 11 March 2010Alex and Jess enjoy a slap-up lunch whilst the restaurant staff do the hustling for them. Rick Edwards gets a bank job in the celebrity hustle and Alex cleans up some window cleaner's profits.[edit] SpecialsThe 12 Scams Of ChristmasThe Christmas special. Air date: 17 Dec 2006Putting a shop's money in a Christmas card, short changing the bar, leaving the sealed card as security while leaving to get more change, eventually the barman opens the card to find the ￡20 note has gone.Two proposition bets - moving an olive without touching it and balancing coins on a glass.Free giftwrapping service - but what's in the box?The big toy - you order a games console for Christmas but do you get your money's worth?Setting up a bogus till in a department storeGetting a locksmith to let you in to someone else's houseStealing luggage at the airport by distraction techniquesBag of 4 designer perfumes for ￡20 - but are they what they seem?Bad Santas collecting for charity and organising a charity raffleNever pay by cheque!Winter SpecialAir date 17 Feb 2007In a one hour extended episode with some new and some repeated material. The new cons are: selling fake jackets in a motorway service station, using confidence techniques and sleight of hand to steal the takings from a pub, using a sharp knife to take belongings from bags, and taking other people's luggage from an airport carousel.Best Ever ConsAir date: 18 December 2008The top 10 scams from the first five series.Don't Miss A TrickAlthough not billed as an episode of The Real Hustle, the similar show Don't Miss a Trick was written by Alex and Paul, featured Jess, and was made by Objective Production in a similar style. It also featured Pete Firman as a special guest who performed his tricks separately from Alex,air jordan, Paul and Jess, and had linking material presented by Kate Thornton. Unlike The Real Hustle, Don't Miss a Trick was aimed at a family audience and was broadcast on the mainstream channel BBC One. Instead of scams the show demonstrated tricks and illusions that viewers could try on their own friends. Air date: 25 Aug 2008 (60 minute version), 27 Mar 2009 (30 minute version). [1][edit] ReferencesRetrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_The_Real_Hustle_episodes"Categories: Lists of nonfiction television series episodesHidden categories: Articles needing additional references from December 2009 | All articles needing additional referencesPersonal toolsNew featuresLog in / create accountNamespacesArticleDiscussionVariantsViewsReadEditView historyActionsSearchNavigationMain pageContentsFeatured contentCurrent eventsRandom articleInteractionAbout WikipediaCommunity portalRecent changesContact WikipediaDonate to WikipediaHelpToolboxWhat links hereRelated changesUpload fileSpecial pagesPermanent linkCite this pagePrint/exportCreate a bookDownload as PDFPrintable version This page was last modified on 17 June 2010 at 19:54.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;additional terms may apply.See Terms of Use for details.Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.Contact usPrivacy policyAbout WikipediaDisclaimers




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1895 British Home Championship - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

1895 British Home ChampionshipFrom Wikipedia,nike mercurial, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation,searchThe 1895 British Home Championship was an international football tournament played between the British Home Nations. The competition was won by England, who like second placed Wales, did not loose a game. Wales however failed to win one either,nike mercurial, scoring three draws and so finishing behind England. Scotland took joint second place with three points gained from a win, draw and a loss. Ireland came last with a single point garnered from their draw with Wales.England and Ireland played the first match of the competition, the Irish suffering a 9–0 defeat in Derby to give England the immediate advantage. Ireland and Wales then played a 2–2 draw in Belfast before England and Wales drew at the Queen's Club, the only international football match ever played there. Wales finished their competition as Scotland entered it, the teams drawing in Wrexham to give Wales three points in an unbeaten tournament. Scotland beat Ireland in their second game, ending Ireland's tournament with a single point before England and Scotland, level on points, played out the decider at Goodison Park. In the event England were just too strong, easily dismissing their opponents 3–0 to win the trophy.[edit] TableTeamPtsPldWDLGFGAGD England53210131+12 Wales33030550 Scotland3311156?1 Ireland13012314?11The points system worked as follows:2 points for a win1 point for a draw[edit] Results9 March 1895England 9–0 IrelandCounty Cricket Ground, DerbySteve Bloomer 2, Frank Becton 2, Johnny Goodall 2, Billy Bassett, Raby Howell, Own Goal 16 March 1895Ireland 2 – 2 WalesSolitude Ground, BelfastGeorge Gaukrodger, James SherrardHarry Trainer 218 March 1895England 1 – 1 WalesQueen's Club, LondonRupert SandilandsWilliam Lewis23 March 1895Wales 2 – 2 ScotlandRacecourse Ground,mercurial nike, WrexhamWilliam Lewis,air jordan, Thomas ChapmanJake Madden, John Divers30 March 1895Scotland 3 – 1 IrelandCeltic Park, GlasgowJohn Walker 2, William LambieJames Sherrard6 April 1895England 3 – 0 ScotlandGoodison Park, LiverpoolSteve Bloomer, Steve Smith, Own Goal [edit] ReferencesGuy Oliver (1992). The Guinness Record of World Soccer. Guinness. ISBN 0-851129-54-4. v ? d ? eBritish Home ChampionshipFootball in the United Kingdom: England ·  Northern Ireland ·  Scotland ·  WalesCompetitors England ·   Northern Ireland/ Ireland ·   Scotland ·   WalesSeasons1884 ·  1885 ·  1886 ·  1887 ·  1888 ·  1889 ·  1890 ·  1891 ·  1892 ·  1893 ·  1894 ·  1895 ·  1896 ·  1897 ·  1898 ·  1899 ·  1900 ·  1901 ·  1902 ·  1903 ·  1904 ·  1905 ·  1906 ·  1907 ·  1908 ·  1909 ·  1910 ·  1911 ·  1912 ·  1913 ·  1914 ·  First World War ·  1920 ·  1921 ·  1922 ·  1923 ·  1924 ·  1925 ·  1926 ·  1927 ·  1928 ·  1929 ·  1930 ·  1931 ·  1932 ·  1933 ·  1934 ·  1935 ·  1936 ·  1937 ·  1938 ·  1939 ·  Second World War ·  1947 ·  1948 ·  1949 ·  1950 ·  1951 ·  1952 ·  1953 ·  1954 ·  1955 ·  1956 ·  1957 ·  1958 ·  1959 ·  1960 ·  1961 ·  1962 ·  1963 ·  1964 ·  1965 ·  1966 ·  1967 ·  1968 ·  1969 ·  1970 ·  1971 ·  1972 ·  1973 ·  1974 ·  1975 ·  1976 ·  1977 ·  1978 ·  1979 ·  1980 ·  1981 ·  1982 ·  1983 ·  1984Rous Cup ·  Home Nation matches since 1984Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1895_British_Home_Championship"Categories: 1895 in association football | 1895 in the United Kingdom | British Home ChampionshipsPersonal toolsNew featuresLog in / create accountNamespacesArticleDiscussionVariantsViewsReadEditView historyActionsSearchNavigationMain pageContentsFeatured contentCurrent eventsRandom articleInteractionAbout WikipediaCommunity portalRecent changesContact WikipediaDonate to WikipediaHelpToolboxWhat links hereRelated changesUpload fileSpecial pagesPermanent linkCite this pagePrint/exportCreate a bookDownload as PDFPrintable versionLanguagesPolski This page was last modified on 17 April 2010 at 16:19.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;additional terms may apply.See Terms of Use for details.Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.Contact usPrivacy policyAbout WikipediaDisclaimers




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1895 British Home Championship - Wikipedia, the fr

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1895 British Home Championship - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

1895 British Home ChampionshipFrom Wikipedia,nike mercurial, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation,searchThe 1895 British Home Championship was an international football tournament played between the British Home Nations. The competition was won by England, who like second placed Wales, did not loose a game. Wales however failed to win one either,nike mercurial, scoring three draws and so finishing behind England. Scotland took joint second place with three points gained from a win, draw and a loss. Ireland came last with a single point garnered from their draw with Wales.England and Ireland played the first match of the competition, the Irish suffering a 9–0 defeat in Derby to give England the immediate advantage. Ireland and Wales then played a 2–2 draw in Belfast before England and Wales drew at the Queen's Club, the only international football match ever played there. Wales finished their competition as Scotland entered it, the teams drawing in Wrexham to give Wales three points in an unbeaten tournament. Scotland beat Ireland in their second game, ending Ireland's tournament with a single point before England and Scotland, level on points, played out the decider at Goodison Park. In the event England were just too strong, easily dismissing their opponents 3–0 to win the trophy.[edit] TableTeamPtsPldWDLGFGAGD England53210131+12 Wales33030550 Scotland3311156?1 Ireland13012314?11The points system worked as follows:2 points for a win1 point for a draw[edit] Results9 March 1895England 9–0 IrelandCounty Cricket Ground, DerbySteve Bloomer 2, Frank Becton 2, Johnny Goodall 2, Billy Bassett, Raby Howell, Own Goal 16 March 1895Ireland 2 – 2 WalesSolitude Ground, BelfastGeorge Gaukrodger, James SherrardHarry Trainer 218 March 1895England 1 – 1 WalesQueen's Club, LondonRupert SandilandsWilliam Lewis23 March 1895Wales 2 – 2 ScotlandRacecourse Ground,mercurial nike, WrexhamWilliam Lewis,air jordan, Thomas ChapmanJake Madden, John Divers30 March 1895Scotland 3 – 1 IrelandCeltic Park, GlasgowJohn Walker 2, William LambieJames Sherrard6 April 1895England 3 – 0 ScotlandGoodison Park, LiverpoolSteve Bloomer, Steve Smith, Own Goal [edit] ReferencesGuy Oliver (1992). The Guinness Record of World Soccer. Guinness. ISBN 0-851129-54-4. v ? d ? eBritish Home ChampionshipFootball in the United Kingdom: England ·  Northern Ireland ·  Scotland ·  WalesCompetitors England ·   Northern Ireland/ Ireland ·   Scotland ·   WalesSeasons1884 ·  1885 ·  1886 ·  1887 ·  1888 ·  1889 ·  1890 ·  1891 ·  1892 ·  1893 ·  1894 ·  1895 ·  1896 ·  1897 ·  1898 ·  1899 ·  1900 ·  1901 ·  1902 ·  1903 ·  1904 ·  1905 ·  1906 ·  1907 ·  1908 ·  1909 ·  1910 ·  1911 ·  1912 ·  1913 ·  1914 ·  First World War ·  1920 ·  1921 ·  1922 ·  1923 ·  1924 ·  1925 ·  1926 ·  1927 ·  1928 ·  1929 ·  1930 ·  1931 ·  1932 ·  1933 ·  1934 ·  1935 ·  1936 ·  1937 ·  1938 ·  1939 ·  Second World War ·  1947 ·  1948 ·  1949 ·  1950 ·  1951 ·  1952 ·  1953 ·  1954 ·  1955 ·  1956 ·  1957 ·  1958 ·  1959 ·  1960 ·  1961 ·  1962 ·  1963 ·  1964 ·  1965 ·  1966 ·  1967 ·  1968 ·  1969 ·  1970 ·  1971 ·  1972 ·  1973 ·  1974 ·  1975 ·  1976 ·  1977 ·  1978 ·  1979 ·  1980 ·  1981 ·  1982 ·  1983 ·  1984Rous Cup ·  Home Nation matches since 1984Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1895_British_Home_Championship"Categories: 1895 in association football | 1895 in the United Kingdom | British Home ChampionshipsPersonal toolsNew featuresLog in / create accountNamespacesArticleDiscussionVariantsViewsReadEditView historyActionsSearchNavigationMain pageContentsFeatured contentCurrent eventsRandom articleInteractionAbout WikipediaCommunity portalRecent changesContact WikipediaDonate to WikipediaHelpToolboxWhat links hereRelated changesUpload fileSpecial pagesPermanent linkCite this pagePrint/exportCreate a bookDownload as PDFPrintable versionLanguagesPolski This page was last modified on 17 April 2010 at 16:19.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;additional terms may apply.See Terms of Use for details.Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.Contact usPrivacy policyAbout WikipediaDisclaimers




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Elections in Guyana - Wikipedia, the free encyclop

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Elections in Guyana - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Elections in GuyanaFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation,nike mercurial vapor france,searchGuyanaThis article is part of the series:Politics and government ofGuyanaPresidentBharrat JagdeoPrime MinisterSamuel HindsNational AssemblySpeakerHari Narayen RamkaranPolitical partiesElectionsRegionsNeighborhood CouncilsForeign relationsOther countries ・  AtlasPolitics portalview ? talk ? editElections in Guyana gives information on election and election results in Guyana.Guyana elects on national level a unicameral legislature (the National Assembly).The National Assembly has 65 members. Since 2001 the makeup of the National Assembly is as follows- 25 members are elected via proportional representation from 10 Geographic Constitutencies and 40 members are chosen also on the basis of proportional representation from National lists named by the political parties. Prior to 2001 53 members were elected for a five-year term by proportional representation and 12 members delegated by local government councils. The President is elected for a five-year term on the basis of the parliamentary elections. Guyana has a two-party system,nike dunk, which means that there are two dominant political parties, with extreme difficulty for anybody to achieve electoral success under the banner of any other party.The Guyana Elections Commission is responsible for the administration and conduct of elections in Guyana. The last General Elections in Guyana were held on August 28, 2006.Contents1 Latest elections2 Past elections3 See also4 External links[edit] Latest electionsMain article: Guyanese legislative election, 2006e ? d Summary of the 28 August 2006 National Assembly of Guyana election resultsAlliances and PartiesNationalRegionalΣ+/�Votes%SeatsVotes%SeatsPeople's Progressive Party�Civic183,86754.621182,15654.01536+2People's National Congress�Reform114,60834.013114,28334.0922�6Alliance for Change28,3668.4427,3978.115+5Guyana Action Party�Rise Organise and Rebuild Guyana4,2491.214,5881.3―1�2The United Force2,6940.812,mercurial nike,9030.9―1±0Justice for All People2,5710.8―3,4361.0―0±0Others 4950.100±0Total (Turnout 68.82%)336,375100.040335,mercurial vapor,258100.02565Sources: Adam Carr's Election Archive, Inter-Parliamentary Union[edit] Past electionsv ? d ? e Elections in GuyanaGeneral elections1953 ・ 1964 ・ 1968 ・ 1973 ・ 1980 ・ 1985 ・ 1992 ・ 1997 ・ 2001 ・ 2006[edit] See alsoElectoral calendarElectoral system[edit] External linksGECOMAdam Carr's Election Archivev ? d ? eElections in South AmericaSovereign statesArgentina ・ Bolivia ・ Brazil ・ Chile ・ Colombia ・ Ecuador ・ Guyana ・ Panama1 ・ Paraguay ・ Peru ・ Suriname ・ Trinidad and Tobago1 ・ Uruguay ・ VenezuelaDependencies andterritoriesAruba1 / Netherlands Antilles1 (Netherlands) ・ Falkland Islands / South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (United Kingdom) 2 ・ French Guiana (France)1 Territories also in or commonly considered to be part of North America.  2 Territories also in or commonly considered to be part of Antarctica.This Guyana article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.v ? d ? eThis South American election-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.v ? d ? eRetrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_Guyana"Categories: Elections in Guyana | Elections in South America | Elections in the Caribbean | Guyana stubs | South American election stubsPersonal toolsNew featuresLog in / create accountNamespacesArticleDiscussionVariantsViewsReadEditView historyActionsSearchNavigationMain pageContentsFeatured contentCurrent eventsRandom articleInteractionAbout WikipediaCommunity portalRecent changesContact WikipediaDonate to WikipediaHelpToolboxWhat links hereRelated changesUpload fileSpecial pagesPermanent linkCite this pagePrint/exportCreate a bookDownload as PDFPrintable version This page was last modified on 22 May 2010 at 02:52.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;additional terms may apply.See Terms of Use for details.Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.Contact usPrivacy policyAbout WikipediaDisclaimers




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Patent and Trademark Office - Wikipedia, the free

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Patent and Trademark Office - Wikipedia,mercurial nike, the free encyclopedia

Patent and Trademark OfficeFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation,nike shox,searchThe Patent and Trademark Office may refer to:the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO)the German Patent and Trademark Office (DPMA)This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title.If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patent_and_Trademark_Office"Categories: Disambiguation pagesHidden categories: All article disambiguation pages | All disambiguation pagesPersonal toolsNew featuresLog in / create accountNamespacesArticleDiscussionVariantsViewsReadEditView historyActionsSearchNavigationMain pageContentsFeatured contentCurrent eventsRandom articleInteractionAbout WikipediaCommunity portalRecent changesContact WikipediaDonate to WikipediaHelpToolboxWhat links hereRelated changesUpload fileSpecial pagesPermanent linkCite this pagePrint/exportCreate a bookDownload as PDFPrintable version This page was last modified on 26 March 2010 at 19:46.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;additional terms may apply.See Terms of Use for details.Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation,nike pas cher, Inc.,air jordan, a non-profit organization.Contact usPrivacy policyAbout WikipediaDisclaimers




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Milkman joke - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia_46

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Milkman joke - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Milkman jokeFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation,searchThis article does not cite any references or sources.Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2008)Milkman jokes, though they appear in dozens of different forms,basket air jordan, all have the same basic plot: a woman gives birth to an infant who more closely resembles the local milkman than her husband, revealing the child's biological father and,mercurial vapor, in the process, the mother's adultery.The joke's context is an era in Western society that lacked inexpensive and ubiquitous refrigeration, and milkmen were an established trade. A milkman would regularly visit each house in an assigned neighborhood, usually in the morning, to drop off bottles of fresh milk and take away empty bottles from his previous visit. In the same era, men were commonly the main financial supporters of their families, and a man's wife tended to remain at home to care for their children and home. As the milkman would visit the home at a time when the husband would be away at work,chaussure dunk, this created an opportune situation for adultery.As fears and suspicions over paternity are universal, each culture has its equivalent of the milkman joke. And occasionally, derivatives of the joke appear,air jordan, with the milkman having been replaced by a member of some different occupation: the mailmen, plumbers or generic repairmen are often used. One variant is the series of Farkle family sketches from Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In, where a couple's children all resemble their next-door neighbor. Even Monty Python's Flying Circus had a short milkman sketch,mercurial nike, where a lonely housewife lures the milkman into her house and up many stairs, then shoves him in a room with nine other milkmen, many of whom are very old (and two skeletons wearing milkmen uniforms) and locks the door. An entire episode of Father Ted was based upon the joke.[edit] ExampleA man and a pregnant woman visit their doctor to see how the baby is coming along. While there, the doctor mentions that they have made a new treatment that allows a female to transfer the pain of childbearing onto the father of the baby. The couple decide that it is a good plan, so they hook up the mother and the doctor turns on the machine. "I'll start it off on 10% transfer rate.", the doctor says. "I don't feel anything painful at all.", the man says. "Oh yeah, baby! That's great!", the mother says. "That's odd", the doctor says, "I'll crank it up to 50%". "Still nothing...", the man says. The mother's smile gets even bigger. "Okay, I'll put it on 100% then.", the doctor says. "STILL nothing!", the man says. The woman looks very, very happy. "We'll just leave, this isn't working. I mean, it is for her, not for me though.", the man says. "That's fine. I'd say you're a very lucky man. This is the first time that the pain has just been deleted.", the doctor replies. So the couple goes back home and they walk up to the front door of their house. The milkman is lying there dead.Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milkman_joke"Categories: JokesHidden categories: Articles lacking sources from January 2008 | All articles lacking sourcesPersonal toolsNew featuresLog in / create accountNamespacesArticleDiscussionVariantsViewsReadEditView historyActionsSearchNavigationMain pageContentsFeatured contentCurrent eventsRandom articleInteractionAbout WikipediaCommunity portalRecent changesContact WikipediaDonate to WikipediaHelpToolboxWhat links hereRelated changesUpload fileSpecial pagesPermanent linkCite this pagePrint/exportCreate a bookDownload as PDFPrintable version This page was last modified on 18 February 2010 at 11:29.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;additional terms may apply.See Terms of Use for details.Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.Contact usPrivacy policyAbout WikipediaDisclaimers




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Major and minor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Major and minor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Major and minorFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation,searchIn music, the adjectives major and minor can describe a musical composition, movement, section, scale, key, chord, or interval.For intervals, the terms refer to a difference in their relative width, major referring to notes somewhat further apart; the other terms are classifications based on the use of certain intervals, especially the major or minor third.Major and minor third in a major chord: major third on bottom, minor third on top  Play (help・info).Major and minor are frequently referred to in the titles of compositions in their foreign language form, especially in reference to the key of a piece.Contents1 Keys2 Intervals and chords3 Major and minor scales3.1 Gender4 Scales and chords5 See also6 Sources7 External links[edit] KeysRelative tonic chords on C and a ( Play (help・info)).To find the so called "relative minor" of a major key (i.e. the minor that has the same key signature), go down a minor third (three semitones), or go up to the sixth degree of the scale. For example, the relative minor of G major - G>G?>F>E - would be E minor.To find the relative major of a minor key, go up a minor third interval; for example, the relative major of F Minor - F>G?>G>A? - would be A? major.Parallel tonic chords on C.See also: parallel key.[edit] Intervals and chordsWith regard to intervals, the words essentially just mean large and small, so a major third is a wider interval, and a minor third a relatively narrow one. The intervals of the second, third, sixth, and seventh (and compound intervals based on them) may be major or minor. See Interval (music).Minor intervalsMajor intervalsminor secondmajor secondminor thirdmajor thirdminor sixthmajor sixthminor seventhmajor seventhThe other uses of major and minor, in general, refer to musical structures containing major thirds or minor thirds. A major scale is one whose third degree is a major third above the tonic, while a minor scale has a minor third degree. A major chord or major triad, similarly, contains a major third above the root, whereas a minor chord or minor triad contains a minor third above the root. In Western music, a minor chord, in comparison, "sounds darker than a major chord".[1]The interval strength, or lowest possible location in the harmonic series, and thus consonance and "stability", of minor triads is less than that of major, which interprets major as more "stable", a major triad being found in the 4th, 5th, and 6th harmonics of a pitch, while the minor being the 10th, 12th, and 15th. This may explain the Picardy third, the use of a major tonic chord at the very end of a composition in minor, since it would be more stable and thus conclusive.In just intonation, a minor chord is often (but not exclusively) tuned in the frequency ratio 10:12:15 ( play (help・info)). In 12-TET, or twelve-tone equal temperament (now the most common tuning system in the West), a minor chord has 3 semitones between the root and third, 4 between the third and fifth, and 7 between the root and fifth. It is represented by the integer notation 0,3,7. The 12-TET fifth (700 cents) is only two cents narrower than the just perfect fifth (3:2, 701.9 cents), but the 12-TET minor third (300 cents) is noticeably (about 16 cents) narrower than the just minor third (6:5, 315.6 cents). The 12-TET minor third (300 cents) more closely approximates the 19-limit (Limit (music)) minor third 16:19  Play (help・info) (297.5 cents, the nineteenth harmonic) with only 2 cents error.[2] Ellis proposes that the conflict between mathematicians and physicists on one hand and practicing musicians on the other regarding the supposed inferiority of the minor chord and scale to the major may be explained due to physicists' comparison of just minor and major triads,mercurial vapor, in which case minor comes out the loser, versus the musicians' comparison of the equal tempered triads, in which case minor comes out the winner since the ET major third is 14 cents sharp from the just major third while the ET minor third closely approximates the consonant 19:16 minor third which many find pleasing[3].[edit] Major and minor scalesThis section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please improve this section if you can. (June 2008)Parallel major  Play (help・info) and minor  Play (help・info) scales on C: common notes connected by a vertical line, the root and the fifth of the primary triads.The minor scale can be described in two different ways. One way is to consider it as the sixth mode of a major scale, while the other is to call it a variation of the major scale, with lowered or altered third, sixth, and seventh scale degrees. However, the "crucial difference is that in the minor scale there is only a half step between the second and third tones as compared to the major scales where the difference between third and fourth note and between the seventh and the eighth note is half."[1] This alteration in the third degree "greatly changes" the mood of the music, and "music based on minor scales tends to" be considered to "sound serious or melancholic".[1]The minor third is considered the hallmark of a minor scale, since the sixth and seventh may be variably raised while the third remains unaltered. Contrastingly, changes of mode, which would involve the alteration of the third, and mode mixture, are often analyzed as minor or trivial changes unless structurally supported as the root and overall key and tonality remains unchanged when compared to, for instance, modulation or transposition. These latter operations are done by moving all intervals up or down a certain constant interval, and does change key, but does not change mode, which requires the alteration of intervals. The use of triads only available in the minor mode, such as the use of A?-major in C major, is relatively decorative chromaticism, considered to add color and weaken sense of key without entirely destroying or losing it.Minor as upside down major.In the German theory by or derived from Hugo Riemann, the minor mode is considered the inverse of the major mode, an upside down major scale based on (theoretical) undertones rather than (actual) overtones (harmonics) (See also: Utonality). The "root" of the minor triad is thus considered the top of the fifth, which, in the United States, is called "the" fifth. So in C minor, the tonic root is actually G, and the leading tone is A? (a halfstep), rather than, in major, the root being C and the leading tone B (a halfstep). Also, since all chords are analyzed as having a tonic, subdominant, or dominant function, with, for instance, in C, A-minor being considered the tonic parallel (US relative), Tp, the use of minor mode root chord progressions in major such as A?-major-B?-major-C-major is analyzed as sP-dP-T, the minor subdominant parallel, the minor dominant parallel, and the major tonic. (Gjerdingen, 1990)Major and minor triads: The minor mode is considered the inverse of the major mode. (file)Minor scales are sometimes said to have a more interesting,air max, possibly sadder sound than plain major scales[4]. The minor mode, with its variable sixth and seventh degrees,chaussure dunk, offers nine notes, in C: C-D-E?-F-G-A?-A-B?-B, over the major mode's seven, in C: C-D-E-F-G-A-B.There are two variations of the natural minor scale: harmonic and melodic. In a harmonic minor scale, the 7th note is raised a semitone, both ascending and descending. In a melodic minor scale, the 6th and 7th notes ascending are raised a semitone, and descending, the 6th and 7th notes are normal.CDEFGABC19/85/44/33/25/315/82[edit] GenderIn western music theory, keys, chords, and scales are often described as having major or minor tonality, sometimes related to masculine and feminine genders.[citation needed] By analogy,mercurial vapor pas cher, the major scales are masculine (clear,nike mercurial, open, extroverted), while the minor scales are given feminine qualities (dark, soft, introverted). German uses the word Tongeschlecht ("Tone gender") for tonality, and the words Dur (from Latin durus, 'hard') for major and moll (from Latin mollis, 'soft') for minor.[edit] Scales and chordsMajor and minor chords may each be found in both the major and minor scales, constructed on different degrees of each. For example in the parallel keys on C on the first degree of the major scale a major chord (C-E-G) is constructed while on the first degree of the minor scale a minor chord (C-E?-G) is constructed:Major:1 2 3 4 5 6 7M m m M M m dNatural minor:1 2 3 4 5 6 7m d M m m M MRelative relationship:    M m m M M m dm d M m m M M[edit] See alsoMajor/minor (tonal structure)Gypsy scaleOtonality and Utonality[edit] Sources^ a b c Kamien, Roger (2008). Music: An Appreciation, 6th Brief Edition, p.46. ISBN 978-0-07-340134-8.^ Alexander J. Ellis (translating Hermann Helmholtz): On the Sensations of Tone as a Physiological Basis for the Theory of Music, page 455. Dover Publications, Inc., New York, 1954.^ Ellis (1954), p.298. In the 16th through 18th centuries, prior to 12-TET, the minor third in meantone temperament was 310 cents  Play (help・info) and much rougher than the 300 cent ET minor third.^ Craig Wright (September 18, 2008)."Listening to Music: Lecture 5 Transcript", Open Yale Courses.[edit] External links"Proper fingering for piano scales" [major and minor], Music Life.Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_and_minor"Categories: Intervals | Harmony | Musical scalesHidden categories: Articles needing cleanup from June 2008 | All pages needing cleanup | All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from February 2007Personal toolsNew featuresLog in / create accountNamespacesArticleDiscussionVariantsViewsReadEditView historyActionsSearchNavigationMain pageContentsFeatured contentCurrent eventsRandom articleInteractionAbout WikipediaCommunity portalRecent changesContact WikipediaDonate to WikipediaHelpToolboxWhat links hereRelated changesUpload fileSpecial pagesPermanent linkCite this pagePrint/exportCreate a bookDownload as PDFPrintable versionLanguagesDeutschFran?aisPolskiSuomi This page was last modified on 18 June 2010 at 17:50.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;additional terms may apply.See Terms of Use for details.Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.Contact usPrivacy policyAbout WikipediaDisclaimers




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List of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees - Wik

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List of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

List of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inducteesFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation,searchThe Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.This is a list of inductees of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, established in 1986 and located in Cleveland, Ohio, United States, is dedicated to recording the history of some of the best-known and most influential musicians, bands, producers, and others that have in some major way influenced the music industry, particularly in the area of rock and roll.[1] Originally, there were four categories of induction: performers, non-performers, early influences, and lifetime achievement. In 2000, "sidemen" was introduced as a category while that year also marked the last time for nine years that early influences would be inducted.The only category that has seen new inductees every single year is the performers category. Artists become eligible for induction in that category 25 years after the release of their first record.[2] In order to be inducted, an artist must be nominated by a committee that selects anywhere from nine to a dozen candidates. Ballots are then sent to 500 "rock experts" who evaluate the candidates and vote on who should be inducted. The performers that receive the highest number of votes and more than 50 percent of the vote are inducted. In 2008, the number inducted was five. The rest of the categories are voted on by special committees.[2] New inductees are honored at an annual ceremony held either in New York or every three years at the Hall of Fame in Cleveland.[3]The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame has garnered criticism for allegedly allowing the nomination process to be controlled by a few individuals,[4] nominating too many artists in too many genres that are not entirely rock,[5] ignoring entire rock genres,[6] and using technicalities to induct groups who may not have been among the top vote getters.[7] The surviving members of the Sex Pistols, who were inducted in 2006, refused to attend the ceremony, calling the museum a "piss stain."[8]Contents1 Inductees1.1 Performers1.2 Early influences1.3 Lifetime achievement1.4 Non-performers (Ahmet Ertegun Award)1.5 Sidemen2 Multiple inductees3 References4 External links[edit] Inductees[edit] PerformersThe performers category is meant for recording artists and bands that have "influence and significance to the development and perpetuation of rock and roll."[2] Artists become eligible for induction in that category 25 years after the release of their first record. In order to be inducted, an artist must be nominated by a committee that selects anywhere from nine to a dozen candidates. Ballots are sent to 500 "rock experts" who then evaluate the candidates and vote on who should be inducted. The performers that receive the highest number of votes and more than 50 percent of the vote are inducted. In 2010, the number inducted was five. The rest of the categories are voted on by special committees.[2]YearImageNameInducted members1986Berry, ChuckChuck Berry1986Brown, JamesJames Brown1986Charles, RayRay Charles1986Cooke, SamSam Cooke1986Domino, FatsFats Domino1986Everly Brothers !The Everly BrothersDon Everly and Phil Everly.[9]1986Holly, BuddyBuddy Holly1986Lewis, Jerry LeeJerry Lee Lewis1986Little Richard1986Presley, ElvisElvis Presley1987Coasters !The CoastersCarl Gardner, Cornell Gunter, Billy Guy and Will "Dub" Jones.[10]1987Cochran, EddieEddie Cochran1987Diddley, BoBo Diddley1987Franklin, ArethaAretha Franklin1987Gaye, MarvinMarvin Gaye1987Haley, BillBill Haley1987King, B.B.B.B. King1987McPhatter, ClydeClyde McPhatter1987Nelson, RickyRicky Nelson1987Orbison,air jordan, RoyRoy Orbison1987Perkins, CarlCarl Perkins1987Robinson, SmokeySmokey Robinson1987Joe Turner, BigBig Joe Turner1987Waters, MuddyMuddy Waters1987Wilson, JackieJackie Wilson1988Beach Boys !The Beach BoysAl Jardine, Mike Love, Brian Wilson, Carl Wilson and Dennis Wilson.[11]1988Beatles !The BeatlesGeorge Harrison, John Lennon, Paul McCartney and Ringo Starr.[12]1988Drifters !The DriftersClyde McPhatter, Ben E. King, Rudy Lewis, Johnny Moore, Bill Pinkney, Charlie Thomas and Gerhart Thrasher.[13]1988Dylan, BobBob Dylan1988Supremes !The SupremesFlorence Ballard, Diana Ross and Mary Wilson.[14]1989Dion !Dion1989Redding, OtisOtis Redding1989Rolling Stones !The Rolling StonesMick Jagger, Brian Jones, Keith Richards, Ian Stewart, Mick Taylor, Charlie Watts, Ronnie Wood and Bill Wyman.[15]1989Temptations !The TemptationsDennis Edwards, Melvin Franklin, Eddie Kendricks, David Ruffin, Otis Williams and Paul Williams.[16]1989Wonder, StevieStevie Wonder1990Ballard, HankHank Ballard1990Darin, BobbyBobby Darin1990Four Seasons !The Four SeasonsTom DeVito, Bob Gaudio,nike dunk, Nick Massi, and Frankie Valli.[17]1990Four Tops !Four TopsRenaldo "Obie" Benson, Abdul "Duke" Fakir, Lawrence Payton and Levi Stubbs.[18]1990Kinks !The KinksMick Avory, Dave Davies, Ray Davies and Peter Quaife.[19]1990Platters !The PlattersDavid Lynch, Herb Reed, Paul Robi, Zola Taylor, and Tony Williams.[20]1990Simon & GarfunkelPaul Simon and Art Garfunkel.[21]1990Who !The WhoRoger Daltrey, John Entwistle, Keith Moon and Pete Townshend.[22]1991Baker, LaVernLaVern Baker1991Byrds !The ByrdsGene Clark, Michael Clarke, David Crosby, Chris Hillman and Roger McGuinn.[23]1991Hooker, John LeeJohn Lee Hooker1991Impressions !The ImpressionsArthur Brooks,air jordan pas cher, Richard Brooks, Jerry Butler, Fred Cash, Sam Gooden and Curtis Mayfield.[24]1991Pickett, WilsonWilson Pickett1991Reed, JimmyJimmy Reed1991Ike & Tina TurnerIke Turner and Tina Turner.[25]1992Bland, Bobby !Bobby "Blue" Bland1992Booker T. & the M.G.'sSteve Cropper, Donald "Duck" Dunn, Al Jackson, Jr., Booker T. Jones and Lewis Steinberg.[26]1992Cash, JohnnyJohnny Cash1992Isley Brothers !The Isley BrothersChris Jasper, Ernie Isley, Marvin Isley, O'Kelly Isley, Jr., Ronald Isley and Rudolph Isley.[27]1992Jimi Hendrix Experience !The Jimi Hendrix ExperienceJimi Hendrix, Mitch Mitchell and Noel Redding.[28]1992Sam & DaveSam Moore and Dave Prater.[29]1992Yardbirds !The YardbirdsJeff Beck, Eric Clapton, Chris Dreja, Jim McCarty, Jimmy Page, Keith Relf and Paul Samwell-Smith.[30]1993Brown, RuthRuth Brown1993CreamGinger Baker, Jack Bruce and Eric Clapton.[31]1993Creedence Clearwater RevivalDoug Clifford, Stu Cook, John Fogerty and Tom Fogerty.[32]1993Doors !The DoorsJohn Densmore, Robby Krieger, Ray Manzarek and Jim Morrison.[33]1993Frankie Lymon & The TeenagersFrankie Lymon, Sherman Garnes, Jimmy Merchant, Joe Negroni and Herman Santiago[34]1993James, EttaEtta James1993Van Morrison1993Sly & the Family StoneGregg Errico, Larry Graham, Jerry Martini, Cynthia Robinson, Freddie Stone, Rosie Stone, Sly Stone.[35]1994Animals !The AnimalsEric Burdon, Chas Chandler, Alan Price, John Steel, Hilton Valentine.[36]1994Band !The BandRick Danko, Levon Helm, Garth Hudson, Richard Manuel, Robbie Robertson.[37]1994Eddy,nike mercurial vapor, DuaneDuane Eddy1994Grateful DeadTom Constanten, Jerry Garcia, Donna Godchaux, Keith Godchaux, Mickey Hart, Robert Hunter, Bill Kreutzmann, Phil Lesh, Ron McKernan, Brent Mydland, Bob Weir and Vince Welnick.[38]1994John, EltonElton John1994Lennon, JohnJohn Lennon1994Marley, BobBob Marley1994Stewart, RodRod Stewart1995Allman Brothers Band !The Allman Brothers BandDuane Allman, Gregg Allman, Dickey Betts, Jai Johanny Johanson, Berry Oakley and Butch Trucks.[39]1995Green, AlAl Green1995Joplin, JanisJanis Joplin1995Led ZeppelinJohn Bonham, John Paul Jones, Jimmy Page and Robert Plant[40]1995Martha and the VandellasMartha Reeves, Rosalind Ashford, Betty Kelly, Lois Reeves and Annette Sterling.[41]1995Young, NeilNeil Young1995Zappa, FrankFrank Zappa1996Bowie, DavidDavid Bowie1996Gladys Knight & the PipsGladys Knight, William Guest, Merald Knight and Edward Patten.[42]1996Jefferson AirplaneMarty Balin, Jack Casady, Spencer Dryden, Paul Kantner, Jorma Kaukonen, Grace Slick.[43]1996Little Willie John1996Pink FloydSyd Barrett, David Gilmour, Nick Mason, Roger Waters, Rick Wright.[44]1996Shirelles !The ShirellesShirley Alston Reeves, Addie Harris, Doris Kenner-Jackson, Beverly Lee.[45]1996Velvet Underground !The Velvet UndergroundJohn Cale, Sterling Morrison, Lou Reed, Maureen Tucker.[46]1997Bee GeesBarry Gibb, Maurice Gibb, Robin Gibb.[47]1997Buffalo SpringfieldRichie Furay, Dewey Martin, Bruce Palmer, Stephen Stills, Neil Young.[48]1997Crosby, Stills & NashDavid Crosby, Graham Nash, Stephen Stills.[49]1997The Jackson 5Jackie Jackson, Jermaine Jackson, Marlon Jackson, Michael Jackson, Tito Jackson.[50]1997Mitchell, JoniJoni Mitchell1997Parliament-FunkadelicJerome Brailey, Bootsy Collins, Raymond Davis, Tiki Fulwood, George Clinton,nike shox, Glenn Goins, Michael Hampton, Fuzzy Haskins, Eddie Hazel, Walter Morrison, Cordell Mosson, William "Billy Bass" Nelson, Garry Shider, Calvin Simon, Grady Thomas and Bernie Worrell.[51]1997Rascals !The RascalsEddie Brigati, Felix Cavaliere, Gene Cornish and Dino Danelli.[52]1998EaglesDon Felder, Glenn Frey, Don Henley, Bernie Leadon, Randy Meisner, Timothy B. Schmit and Joe Walsh.[53]1998Fleetwood MacLindsey Buckingham, Mick Fleetwood, Peter Green, Danny Kirwan, John McVie, Christine McVie, Stevie Nicks and Jeremy Spencer.[54]1998Mamas & The Papas !The Mamas & the PapasDenny Doherty, Cass Elliot, John Phillips and Michelle Phillips.[55]1998Price, LloydLloyd Price1998SantanaCarlos Santana, Jose Chepito Areas, David Brown, Mike Carabello, Gregg Rolie and Michael Shrieve.[56]1998Vincent, GeneGene Vincent1999Joel, BillyBilly Joel1999Mayfield, CurtisCurtis Mayfield1999McCartney, PaulPaul McCartney1999Shannon, DelDel Shannon1999Springfield, DustyDusty Springfield1999Springsteen, BruceBruce Springsteen1999Staple Singers, TheThe Staple SingersPops Staples, Cleotha Staples, Mavis Staples, Pervis Staples, Yvonne Staples.[57]2000Clapton, EricEric Clapton2000Earth, Wind & FirePhilip Bailey, Larry Dunn, Johnny Graham, Ralph Johnson, Al McKay, Fred White, Maurice White, Verdine White and Andrew Woolfolk.[58]2000Lovin' Spoonful, TheThe Lovin' SpoonfulSteve Boone, Joe Butler, John Sebastian and Zal Yanovsky.[58]2000Moonglows, TheThe MoonglowsPrentiss Barnes, Harvey Fuqua, Peter Graves, Bobby Lester and Billy Johnson.[58]2000Raitt, BonnieBonnie Raitt2000Taylor, JamesJames Taylor2001AerosmithTom Hamilton, Joey Kramer, Joe Perry, Steven Tyler and Brad Whitford.[59]2001Burke, SolomonSolomon Burke2001Flamingos, TheThe FlamingosJake Carey, Zeke Carey, Johnny Carter, Tommy Hunt, Terry "Buzzy" Johnson, Sollie McElroy, Nate Nelson and Paul Wilson.[60]2001Jackson, MichaelMichael Jackson2001QueenJohn Deacon, Brian May, Freddie Mercury and Roger Taylor.[61]2001Simon, PaulPaul Simon2001Steely DanWalter Becker and Donald Fagen.[62]2001Valens, RitchieRitchie Valens2002Hayes, IsaacIsaac Hayes2002Lee, BrendaBrenda Lee2002Tom Petty and the HeartbreakersTom Petty, Ron Blair, Mike Campbell, Howie Epstein, Stan Lynch and Benmont Tench.[63]2002Pitney, GeneGene Pitney2002RamonesDee Dee Ramone, Joey Ramone, Johnny Ramone, Marky Ramone and Tommy Ramone.[64]2002Talking HeadsDavid Byrne, Chris Frantz, Jerry Harrison, Tina Weymouth.[65]2003AC/DCPhil Rudd, Brian Johnson, Bon Scott, Cliff Williams, Angus Young and Malcolm Young.[66]2003Clash, TheThe ClashTerry Chimes, Topper Headon, Mick Jones, Paul Simonon and Joe Strummer.[67]2003Elvis Costello & the AttractionsElvis Costello, Steve Nieve, Bruce Thomas and Pete Thomas.[68]2003Police, TheThe PoliceStewart Copeland, Sting, Andy Summers.[69]2003Righteous Brothers, TheThe Righteous BrothersBobby Hatfield and Bill Medley.[70]2004Browne, JacksonJackson Browne2004Dells, TheThe DellsVerne Allison, Chuck Barksdale, Johnny Carter, Johnny Funches, Marvin Junior and Michael McGill.[71]2004Harrison, GeorgeGeorge Harrison2004Prince2004Seger, BobBob Seger2004TrafficJim Capaldi, Dave Mason, Steve Winwood and Chris Wood.[72]2004ZZ TopBilly Gibbons, Dusty Hill and Frank Beard.[73]2005Guy, BuddyBuddy Guy2005O'Jays, TheThe O'JaysEddie Levert, Bobby Massey, William Powell, Sammy Strain and Walter Williams.[74]2005PretendersChrissie Hynde, Martin Chambers, Pete Farndon and James Honeyman-Scott.[75]2005Sledge, PercyPercy Sledge2005U2Bono, The Edge, Adam Clayton and Larry Mullen.[76]2006Black SabbathGeezer Butler, Tony Iommi, Ozzy Osbourne and Bill Ward.[77]2006BlondieDeborah Harry, Clem Burke, Jimmy Destri, Nigel Harrison, Frank Infante, Chris Stein and Gary Valentine.[78]2006Davis, MilesMiles Davis2006Lynyrd SkynyrdBob Burns, Allen Collins, Steve Gaines, Ed King, Gary Rossington, Billy Powell, Artimus Pyle, Ronnie Van Zant and Leon Wilkeson.[79]2006Sex PistolsPaul Cook, Steve Jones, Glen Matlock, Johnny Rotten and Sid Vicious.[80]2007Grandmaster Flash and The Furious FiveGrandmaster Flash, Cowboy, Kid Creole, Melle Mel, Rahiem and Scorpio.[81]2007R.E.M.Bill Berry, Peter Buck, Mike Mills and Michael Stipe.[82]2007Ronettes, TheThe RonettesRonnie Spector, Estelle Bennett and Nedra Talley.[83]2007Smith, PattiPatti Smith2007Van HalenMichael Anthony, Sammy Hagar, David Lee Roth, Alex Van Halen and Eddie Van Halen.[84]2008Dave Clark Five, TheThe Dave Clark FiveDave Clark, Lenny Davidson, Rick Huxley, Denny Payton and Mike Smith.[85]2008Cohen, LeonardLeonard Cohen2008Madonna2008Mellencamp, JohnJohn Mellencamp2008Ventures, TheThe VenturesBob Bogle, Nokie Edwards, Gerry McGee, Mel Taylor and Don Wilson.[86]2009Beck, JeffJeff Beck2009Little Anthony & The ImperialsAnthony Gourdine, Clarence Collins, Tracy Lord, Glouster "Nat" Rogers, Sammy Strain and Ernest Wright Jr.[87]2009MetallicaCliff Burton, Kirk Hammett, James Hetfield, Jason Newsted, Robert Trujillo, and Lars Ulrich.[88]2009Run-D.M.C.Darryl "D.M.C." McDaniels, Jason "Jam-Master Jay" Mizell and Joseph "DJ Run" Simmons.[89]2009Womack, BobbyBobby Womack2010ABBAAgnetha F?ltskog, Benny Andersson, Bj?rn Ulvaeus, Anni-Frid Lyngstad.[90]2010GenesisPeter Gabriel, Tony Banks, Phil Collins, Steve Hackett and Mike Rutherford.[91]2010Jimmy Cliff2010Hollies, TheThe HolliesBernie Calvert, Allan Clarke, Bobby Elliott, Eric Haydock, Tony Hicks, Graham Nash and Terry Sylvester.[92]2010Stooges, TheThe StoogesIggy Pop, Ron Asheton, Scott Asheton, James Williamson and Dave Alexander.[93][edit] Early influencesWoody Guthrie, inducted in 1988.Louis Armstrong, inducted in 1990.Pete Seeger, inducted in 1996.Charles Brown, inducted in 1999.Artists inducted into the early influences category are those "whose music predated rock and roll but had an impact on the evolution of rock and roll and inspired rock's leading artists."[2] Unlike the performers category, these inductees are selected by a committee. The full process is not transparent and it is unclear who comprises this selection committee.[2]YearName1986Rodgers, JimmieJimmie Rodgers1986Yancey, JimmyJimmy Yancey1986Johnson, RobertRobert Johnson1987Jordan, LouisLouis Jordan1987Walker, T-BoneT-Bone Walker1987Williams, HankHank Williams1988Guthrie, WoodyWoody Guthrie1988Lead Belly1988Les Paul1989Ink Spots !The Ink Spots[A]1989Smith, BessieBessie Smith1989Soul Stirrers !The Soul Stirrers[B]1990Armstrong, LouisLouis Armstrong1990Christian, CharlieCharlie Christian1990Rainey, MaMa Rainey1991Howlin' Wolf1992James, ElmoreElmore James1992Longhair, ProfessorProfessor Longhair1993Washington, DinahDinah Washington1994Dixon, WillieWillie Dixon1995Orioles, TheThe Orioles[C]1996Seeger, PetePete Seeger1997Jackson, MahaliaMahalia Jackson1997Monroe, BillBill Monroe1998Jelly Roll Morton1999Bob Wills & His Texas Playboys[D]1999Brown, CharlesCharles Brown2000Cole, Nat !Nat King Cole2000Holiday, BillieBillie Holiday2009Jackson, WandaWanda Jackson^ A. Inducted members: Bill Kenny, Charlie Fuqua, Deek Watson, and Orville "Hoppy" Jones.[94]^ B. Inducted members: Roy Crain Sr., R.H. Harris, Jesse Farley, T.L. Bruster, James Medlock, Paul Foster, Johnnie Taylor, and Bob King.[95]^ C. Inducted members: Sonny Til, Tommy Gaither, George Nelson, Johnny Reed and Alexander Sharp.[96]^ D. Inducted members: Bob Wills, Tommy Duncan, Johnny Gimble, Joe "Jody" Holley, Tiny Moore, Herb Remington, Eldon Shamblin and Al Stricklin.[97][edit] Lifetime achievementThe following were inducted for "Lifetime Achievement in the Non-Performer Category."[2]YearName1986Hammond, JohnJohn Hammond1991Ertegun, NesuhiNesuhi Ertegun2004Wenner, JannJann Wenner2005Barsalona, FrankFrank Barsalona2005Stein, SeymourSeymour Stein2006Herb Alpert and Jerry Moss[edit] Non-performers (Ahmet Ertegun Award)Carole King, inducted in 1990.Dick Clark, inducted in 1993.Clive Davis, inducted in 2000.The non-performer category honors "songwriters, producers, disc jockeys, record executives, journalists and other industry professionals who have had a major influence on the development of rock and roll."[2] Several of the inductees in this category were in fact fairly well-known as performers as well. The inductees in this category are selected by the same committee that chooses the early influences. The full process is not transparent and it is unclear who comprises this selection committee.[2] This category has been criticized for inducting those that have "been coming to the dinner for years and paying for their tickets" and not revealing their full criteria.[7] In 2008, this category was renamed the "Ahmet Ertegün Award".[98]YearName1986Freed, AlanAlan Freed1986Phillips, SamSam Phillips1987Chess, LeonardLeonard Chess1987Ertegun, AhmetAhmet Ertegun1987Leiber !Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller1987Wexler, JerryJerry Wexler1988Gordy, Jr., BerryBerry Gordy, Jr.1989Spector, PhilPhil Spector1990Gerry Goffin and Carole King1990Holland-Dozier-Holland1991Bartholomew, DaveDave Bartholomew1991Bass, RalphRalph Bass1992Fender, LeoLeo Fender1992Graham, BillBill Graham1992Pomus, DocDoc Pomus1993Clark, DickDick Clark1993Gabler, MiltMilt Gabler1994Otis, JohnnyJohnny Otis1995Ackerman, PaulPaul Ackerman1996Donahue, TomTom Donahue1997Nathan, SydSyd Nathan1998Toussaint, AllenAllen Toussaint1999Martin, GeorgeGeorge Martin2000Davis, CliveClive Davis2001Blackwell, ChrisChris Blackwell2002Stewart, JimJim Stewart2003Ostin, MoMo Ostin2008Kenny Gamble and Leon Huff2010Geffen, DavidDavid Geffen2010Blackwell, OtisOtis Blackwell2010Jeff Barry and Ellie Greenwich2010Shuman, MortMort Shuman2010Stone, JesseJesse Stone2010Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil[edit] SidemenFirst established in 2000, the sidemen category "honors those musicians who have spent their careers out of the spotlight, performing as backup musicians for major artists on recording sessions and in concert." A separate committee, composed mainly of producers, chooses the inductees.Hall of Fame Sideman James Burton in 2009[2]YearNameInstrument2000Blaine, HalHal BlaineDrums[99]2000Curtis, KingKing CurtisSaxophone[100]2000Jamerson, JamesJames JamersonBass guitar[101]2000Moore, ScottyScotty MooreGuitar[102]2000Palmer, EarlEarl PalmerDrums[103]2001Burton, JamesJames BurtonGuitar[104]2001Johnson, JohnnieJohnnie JohnsonPiano[105]2002Atkins, ChetChet AtkinsGuitar[106]2003Benjamin, BennyBenny BenjaminDrums[107]2003Cramer, FloydFloyd CramerPiano[108]2003Douglas, SteveSteve DouglasSaxophone[109]2008Walter, LittleLittle WalterHarmonica[110]2009Black, BillBill BlackBass guitar[111]2009Fontana, D. J.D. J. FontanaDrums[112]2009Oldham, SpoonerSpooner OldhamKeyboard[113][edit] Multiple inducteesAs of 2010, only sixteen performers have been inducted twice or more; ten have been recognized as a solo artist and with a band and six have been inducted with two separate bands. Eric Clapton is the only one to be inducted three times, as a solo artist and with The Yardbirds and Cream.[114] Clyde McPhatter was the first to ever be inducted twice and is one of two artists to be inducted first as a solo artist, then as a member of a band (Neil Young is the only other). Stephen Stills is the only artist to be inducted twice in the same year. Crosby, Stills & Nash, inducted in 1997, is the only band to see all of its inducted members be inducted with other acts: David Crosby with The Byrds in 1991; Stephen Stills with Buffalo Springfield in 1997; and Graham Nash with The Hollies in 2010.NameFirstYearSecondYearThirdYearClapton, EricEric ClaptonYardbirds !The Yardbirds1992Cream1993Solo career2000Beck, JeffJeff BeckYardbirds !The Yardbirds1992zzzzz !Solo career2009Carter, JohnnyJohnny CarterFlamingos !The Flamingos2001Dells !The Dells2004Crosby, DavidDavid CrosbyByrds !The Byrds1991Crosby, Stills & Nash1997Harrison, GeorgeGeorge HarrisonBeatles !The Beatles1988zzzzz !Solo career2004Jackson, MichaelMichael JacksonJackson Five !The Jackson Five1997zzzzz !Solo career2001Lennon, JohnJohn LennonBeatles !The Beatles1988zzzzz !Solo career1994Mayfield, CurtisCurtis MayfieldImpressions !The Impressions1991zzzzz !Solo career1999McCartney, PaulPaul McCartneyBeatles !The Beatles1988zzzzz !Solo career1999McPhatter, ClydeClyde McPhatterzzzzz !Solo career1987Drifters !The Drifters1988Nash, GrahamGraham NashCrosby, Stills & Nash1997Hollies !The Hollies2010Page, JimmyJimmy PageYardbirds !The Yardbirds1992Led Zeppelin1995Simon, PaulPaul SimonSimon and Garfunkel1990zzzzz !Solo career2001Stills, StephenStephen StillsBuffalo Springfield1997Crosby, Stills & Nash1997Strain, Sammy !Sammy StrainThe O'Jays2005Little Anthony & The Imperials2009Young, NeilNeil Youngzzzzz !Solo career1995Buffalo Springfield1997[edit] ReferencesGeneral"Inductee list". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductees/inductee-list/. Retrieved 2007-12-31. Specific^ "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Inductees". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductees/. Retrieved 2008-01-04. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Induction Ceremony and Process". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductees/induction-process/. Retrieved 2008-01-04. ^ Soeder, John (December 20, 2007). "Rock Hall induction ceremony coming to Cleveland in 2009". The Plain Dealer. http://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/plaindealer/index.ssf?/base/entertainment-0/1198143263305810.xml&coll=2. Retrieved 2008-01-04. ^ Friedman, Roger (2001-04-04). "Rock Hall of Fame Fallout: 'There Is Resentment Building Up". Fox News. ^ Selvin, Joel (2007-11-14). "View: Rock and Roll Hall offers lackluster candidates". San Francisco Chronicle. ^ Sinkevics, John (2007-03-11). "Hall voters' bias leaves prog-rock out -- again". The Grand Rapids Press. ^ a b Friedman, Roger (2007-03-14). "Rock Hall Voting Scandal: Rock Group Actually Won". Fox News. ^ "Were not coming. Were not your monkey and so what?" (sic) Official announcement from the Sex Pistols regarding the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on 24 February 2006^ "The Everly Brothers". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/the-everly-brothers. Retrieved 2007-06-07. ^ "The Coasters". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/the-coasters. Retrieved 2007-12-31. ^ "The Beach Boys". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/the-beach-boys. Retrieved 2007-12-31. ^ "The Beatles". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/the-beatles. Retrieved 2007-12-31. ^ "The Drifters". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/the-drifters. Retrieved 2007-12-31. ^ "The Supremes". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/the-supremes. Retrieved 2007-12-31. ^ "The Rolling Stones". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/the-rolling-stones. Retrieved 2007-12-31. ^ "The Temptations". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/the-temptations. Retrieved 2007-12-31. ^ "The Four Seasons". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/the-four-seasons. Retrieved 2008-01-01. ^ "The Four Tops". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/the-four-tops. Retrieved 2008-01-01. ^ "The Kinks". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/the-kinks. Retrieved 2008-01-01. ^ "The Platters". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/the-platters. Retrieved 2008-01-01. ^ "Simon & Garfunkel". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/simon-and-garfunkel. Retrieved 2008-01-01. ^ "The Who". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/the-who. Retrieved 2008-01-01. ^ "The Byrds". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/the-byrds. Retrieved 2008-01-01. ^ "The Impressions". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/the-impressions. Retrieved 2008-01-01. ^ "Ike & Tina Turner". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/ike-and-tina-turner. Retrieved 2008-01-01. ^ "Booker T. & The M.G.'s". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/booker-t-and-the-mgs. Retrieved 2008-01-01. ^ "The Isley Brothers". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/the-isley-brothers. Retrieved 2008-01-01. ^ "The Jimi Hendrix Experience". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/the-jimi-hendrix-experience. Retrieved 2008-01-01. ^ "Sam & Dave". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/sam-and-dave. Retrieved 2008-01-01. ^ "The Yardbirds". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/the-yardbirds. Retrieved 2008-01-01. ^ "Cream". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/cream. Retrieved 2008-01-02. ^ "Creedence Clearwater Revival". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/creedence-clearwater-revival. Retrieved 2008-01-02. ^ "The Doors". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/the-doors. Retrieved 2008-01-02. ^ "Frankie Lymon & The Teenagers". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/frankie-lymon-and-the-teenagers. Retrieved 2008-01-02. ^ "Sly & The Family Stone". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/sly-and-the-family-stone. Retrieved 2008-01-02. ^ "The Animals". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/the-animals. Retrieved 2008-01-02. ^ "The Band". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/the-band. Retrieved 2008-01-02. ^ "The Grateful Dead". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/the-grateful-dead. Retrieved 2008-01-02. ^ "The Allman Brothers Band". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/the-allman-brothers-band. Retrieved 2008-01-02. ^ "Led Zeppelin". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/led-zeppelin. Retrieved 2008-01-02. ^ "Martha & The Vandellas". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/led-zeppelin. Retrieved 2008-01-02. ^ "Gladys Knight & the Pips". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/gladys-knight-and-the-pips. Retrieved 2008-01-02. ^ "Jefferson Airplane". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/jefferson-airplane. Retrieved 2008-01-02. ^ "Pink Floyd". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/pink-floyd. Retrieved 2008-01-02. ^ "The Shirelles". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/the-shirelles. Retrieved 2008-01-02. ^ "The Velvet Underground". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/the-velvet-underground. Retrieved 2008-01-02. ^ "The Bee Gees". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/the-bee-gees. Retrieved 2008-01-02. ^ "Buffalo Springfield". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/buffalo-springfield. Retrieved 2008-01-02. ^ "Crosby, Stills & Nash". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/crosby-stills-and-nash. Retrieved 2008-01-02. ^ "The Jackson Five". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/the-jackson-five. Retrieved 2008-01-02. ^ "Parliament-Funkadelic". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/parliament-funkadelic. Retrieved 2008-01-02. ^ "The Rascals". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/the-young-rascals. Retrieved 2008-01-02. ^ "Eagles". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/the-eagles. Retrieved 2008-01-02. ^ "Fleetwood Mac". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/fleetwood-mac. Retrieved 2008-01-02. ^ "The Mamas & The Papas". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/fleetwood-mac. Retrieved 2008-01-02. ^ "Santana". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/santana. Retrieved 2008-01-02. ^ "The Staple Singers". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/the-staple-singers. Retrieved 2008-01-02. ^ a b c Soeder, John (September 22, 1999). "Canton's O'Jays, Aerosmith among Rock Hall finalists". The Plain Dealer. pp. 1. ^ "Aerosmith". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/aerosmith. Retrieved 2008-01-02. ^ "The Flamingos". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/the-flamingos. Retrieved 2008-01-02. ^ "Queen". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/queen. Retrieved 2008-01-02. ^ "Steely Dan". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/steely-dan. Retrieved 2008-01-02. ^ "Tom Petty & The Heartbreakers". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/tom-petty-and-the-heartbreakers. Retrieved 2008-01-02. ^ "Ramones". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/ramones. Retrieved 2008-01-02. ^ "Talking Heads". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/talking-heads. Retrieved 2008-01-02. ^ "AC/DC". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/ac-dc. Retrieved 2008-01-02. ^ "The Clash". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/the-clash. Retrieved 2008-01-02. ^ "Elvis Costello & the Attractions". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/elvis-costello-the-attractions. Retrieved 2008-01-02. ^ "The Police". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/elvis-costello-the-police. Retrieved 2008-01-02. ^ "The Righteous Brothers". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/righteous-brothers. Retrieved 2008-01-02. ^ "The Dells". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/the-dells. Retrieved 2008-01-03. ^ "Traffic". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/traffic. Retrieved 2008-01-03. ^ "ZZ Top". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/zz-top. Retrieved 2008-01-03. ^ "The O'Jays". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/the-ojays. Retrieved 2008-01-03. ^ "The Pretenders". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/the-pretenders. Retrieved 2008-01-03. ^ "U2". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/u2. Retrieved 2008-01-03. ^ "Black Sabbath". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/black-sabbath. Retrieved 2008-01-03. ^ "Blondie". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/blondie. Retrieved 2008-01-03. ^ "Lynyrd Skynyrd". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/lynyrd-skynyrd. Retrieved 2008-01-03. ^ "Sex Pistols". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/sex-pistols. Retrieved 2008-01-03. ^ "Grandmaster Flash and The Furious Five". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/grandmaster-flash-and-the-furious-five. Retrieved 2008-01-03. ^ "R.E.M.". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/rem. Retrieved 2008-01-03. ^ "The Ronettes". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/ronettes. Retrieved 2008-01-03. ^ "Van Halen". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/van-halen. Retrieved 2008-01-03. ^ "The Dave Clark Five". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. 2008. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/dave-clark-five. Retrieved 2008-01-01. ^ "The Ventures". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. 2008. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/the-ventures. Retrieved 2008-01-01. ^ "Little Anthony and the Imperials". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. 2009. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/little-anthony-and-the-imperials. Retrieved 2009-02-10. ^ "Metallica". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. 2009. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/metallica. Retrieved 2009-02-10. ^ "Run-D.M.C.". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. 2009. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/run-dmc. Retrieved 2009-02-10. ^ "ABBA". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. 2010. http://rockhall.com/inductees/abba/. Retrieved 2010-03-13. ^ "Genesis". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. 2010. http://rockhall.com/inductees/genesis/. Retrieved 2010-03-13. ^ "The Hollies". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. 2010. http://rockhall.com/inductees/the-hollies/. Retrieved 2010-03-13. ^ "The Stooges". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. 2010. http://rockhall.com/inductees/the-stooges/. Retrieved 2010-03-13. ^ "The Ink Spots". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/the-ink-spots. Retrieved 2008-01-03. ^ "The Soul Stirrers". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/the-soul-stirrers. Retrieved 2008-01-03. ^ "The Orioles". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/the-orioles. Retrieved 2008-01-03. ^ "Bob Wills & His Texas Playboys". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/bob-wills-and-his-texas-playboys. Retrieved 2007-12-31. ^ "Inductees for 2008". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame official website. 2007-12-13. http://www.rockhall.com/pressroom/2008-inductee-announcement/. Retrieved 2008-03-11. ^ "Hal Blaine". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/hal-blaine. Retrieved 2008-01-01. ^ "King Curtis". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/king-curtis. Retrieved 2008-01-01. ^ "James Jamerson". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/james-jamerson. Retrieved 2008-01-01. ^ "Scotty Moore". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/scotty-moore. Retrieved 2008-01-01. ^ "Earl Palmer". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/earl-palmer. Retrieved 2008-01-01. ^ "James Burton". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/james-burton. Retrieved 2008-01-01. ^ "Johnnie Johnson". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/johnnie-johnson. Retrieved 2008-01-01. ^ "Chet Atkins". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/chet-atkins. Retrieved 2008-01-01. ^ "Benny Benjamin". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/benny-benjamin. Retrieved 2008-01-01. ^ "Floyd Cramer". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/floyd-cramer. Retrieved 2008-01-01. ^ "Steve Douglas". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/steve-douglas. Retrieved 2008-01-01. ^ "Little Walter". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. 2008. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/little-walter. Retrieved 2008-01-01. ^ "Bill Black". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. 2009. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/bill-black. Retrieved 2009-02-10. ^ "DJ Fontana". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. 2009. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/dj-fontana. Retrieved 2009-02-10. ^ "Spooner Oldham". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. 2009. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/spooner-oldham. Retrieved 2009-02-10. ^ "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame makes Clapton first triple inductee". CNN. March 7, 2000. http://archives.cnn.com/2000/SHOWBIZ/Music/03/07/hall.of.fame/. Retrieved 2008-01-03. [edit] External linksWikimedia Commons has media related to: Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inducteesRock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees and Nominees by year at FutureRockLegends.com.1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009Rock and Roll Hall of Fame at History.comRetrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_inductees"Categories: Music-related lists | Lists of musicians | Music halls of fame | Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inducteesHidden categories: Articles with hCards | Featured listsPersonal toolsNew featuresLog in / create accountNamespacesArticleDiscussionVariantsViewsReadEditView historyActionsSearchNavigationMain pageContentsFeatured contentCurrent eventsRandom articleInteractionAbout WikipediaCommunity portalRecent changesContact WikipediaDonate to WikipediaHelpToolboxWhat links hereRelated changesUpload fileSpecial pagesPermanent linkCite this pagePrint/exportCreate a bookDownload as PDFPrintable versionLanguagesDanskEspa?olGalego日本�?Norsk (bokm?l)?Ti?ng Vi?t中文 This page was last modified on 14 July 2010 at 17:55.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;additional terms may apply.See Terms of Use for details.Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.Contact usPrivacy policyAbout WikipediaDisclaimers




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List of Phineas and Ferb episodes - Wikipedia, the

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List of Phineas and Ferb episodes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

List of Phineas and Ferb episodesFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation,searchThis article needs additional citations for verification.Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2008)The following is a list of episodes from the Disney Channel Original Series, Phineas and Ferb.Contents1 Series overview2 Season 1: 2007–20082.1 Episodes Delayed from Season 1 to Season 23 Season 2: 2009–20104 Season 3: 2010-20115 References[edit] Series overviewSeasonEp#First Airdate (Disney Channel)Last Airdate (Disney Channel)First Airdate (Toon Disney/Disney XD)Last Airdate (Toon Disney/Disney XD)147August 17, 2007March 20, 2009September 1, 2008February 18, 2009258March 27, 20092010February 19, 20092010[edit] Season 1: 2007–2008Series/Episode #Episode TitleDisney Channel PremiereProduction Code1(1A)"Rollercoaster"August 17, 2007 (2007-08-17)101APhineas and Ferb build a rollercoaster for the neighborhood, much to their sister Candace's displeasure. Meanwhile, Perry, the boys' secret agent platypus, tries to stop his nemesis Dr. Doofenshmirtz from controlling the Earth's rotation with a magnet and a giant sheet of tin foil. 2(2B)"Lawn Gnome Beach Party of Terror"September 28, 2007 (2007-09-28)102BPhineas and Ferb build a backyard beach which Candace begins to enjoy, meanwhile Doofenshmirtz tries to steal all the lawn gnomes in the Tri-State Area. 3(4B)"Flop Starz"February 1, 2008 (2008-02-01)104BPhineas and Ferb's song "Gitchee, Gitchee, Goo" becomes a one-hit wonder and brings them worldwide fame, while Candace wins a chance to sing on stage with them during the auditions for a reality music competition. Meanwhile, Doofenshmirtz turns his building into a giant robot to wreak terror upon the Tri-State Area. 4(2A)"The Fast And The Phineas"February 2, 2008 (2008-02-02)102AThe boys transform Mom's car into a remote-controlled race car and enter it into a race. Meanwhile, Doofenshmirtz uses his new invention, the Deflatinator, to try to deflate everything in the Tri-State Area, a device curiously mounted to a blimp.Title Reference: The Fast and the Furious 5(5B)"Lights, Candace, Action!"February 3, 2008 (2008-02-03)105BCandace stars in the movie The Princess Sensibilities. However she finds out that new directors Phineas and Ferb have changed it to The Curse of the Princess Monster. Meanwhile, Doofenshmirtz creates an Age-Acclerator-Inator to age cheese, but ends up trying to age Perry. 6(5A)"Raging Bully"February 4, 2008 (2008-02-04)105APhineas enters a thumb-wrestling competition with Buford after getting tips from boxing champion Evander Holyfield; Doofenshmirtz creates a hypnotic device to control people's minds so they will be forced to celebrate his birthday and clean up afterwards.Title Reference: Raging Bull 7(1B)"Candace Loses Her Head"February 5, 2008 (2008-02-05)101BThe boys plan to carve Candace's face into Mount Rushmore for her birthday; Perry tries to prevent Doofenshmirtz from boring a tunnel to the People's Republic of China from Mount Rushmore. 8(10B)"I, Brobot"February 6, 2008 (2008-02-06)110bThe boys clone themselves as Phinedroids and Ferbots (robots) so they can get more projects completed; Doofenshmirtz tries using a giant magnet to erase messages he left on his girlfriend's answering machine.Title Reference: I, Robot 9(12A)"Run Away, Runway"February 7, 2008 (2008-02-07)112aCandace tries to become a fashion model, while Phineas and Ferb create a fashion collection entitled "Summer All The Time". Doofenshmirtz designs a machine to create clones of himself so they can wait in line for him. 10(3A)"The Magnificent Few"February 8, 2008 (2008-02-08)103aAs a side-effect of Doofenshmirtz's plot to use termites to destroy all the wood in the area to help his new aluminum-siding business, Phineas, Ferb, and Isabella try to wrangle a herd of cattle from a ranch that were set free by the termites destroying their barn.Title Reference: The Magnificent Seven 11(3B)"S'Winter"February 9, 2008 (2008-02-09)103bThe boys use a sno-cone machine to create a Winter paradise during the middle of Summer in their backyard, Candace tries to pursue Jeremy (who thinks dropped her for a Swedish exchange student), and Doofenshmirtz tries to melt chocolate with a machine made from laser pointers. 12(8A)"Jerk De Soleil"February 10, 2008 (2008-02-10)108AThe boys create a circus for the neighborhood after their original circus plans are cancelled, while Jeremy gives Candace wild parsnips which she is allergic to. Doofenshmirtz creates a device to make people's voices higher so his own voice will seem lower but instead, it gets even higher. 13(4A)"Are You My Mummy?"February 15, 2008 (2008-02-15)104AThe boys visit an Egyptian-themed movie theater and attempt to get a mummy of their own, but they end up capturing Candace, who is wrapped in toilet paper; Doofenshmirtz tries to raise the city's water level by destroying a beaver dam so his real estate will become beachfront property. 14(12B)"I Scream, You Scream"February 17, 2008 (2008-02-17)112BThe boys try to make a giant ice-cream maker for Isabella after her tonsils are taken out; Doofenshmirtz tries to build a giant space laser, while his daughter, Vanessa, is staying with him for the weekend. Meanwhile, Candace, as usual, is trying to bust Phineas and Ferb, at the same time as Vanessa is trying to bust her dad, Dr. Doofenshmirtz. Ironically, Candace's mom and Vanessa's mom are attending a cooking class together. 15(8B)"Toy to the World"February 22, 2008 (2008-02-22)108BAfter Candace sarcastically suggests that they can make a better toy than the Har D Har Toy Company's "Shimmy Jimmy", Phineas and Ferb design an "inaction figure" based on their pet platypus. Meanwhile, Doofenshmirtz plots to build toll booths to enter and exit the Tri-State Area so he can become rich. 16(6A)"Get That Bigfoot Outta My Face!"February 23, 2008 (2008-02-23)106ACandace and the boys visit their grandparents at a lake house and the children try to scare her with a fake Bigfoot, but then their grandma's twin scares them with a more lifelike Bigfoot; Perry is trapped in Doofenshmirtz's love triangle as he bursts in while on a date. 17(13A)"It's a Mud, Mud, Mud, Mud World"February 24, 2008 (2008-02-24)113aThe boys invent a monster truck for Candace to practice driving, but soon her practice run turns into a massive racing rally; Doofenshmirtz tries to discover investors for his line of monster trucks that are actual monsters.Guest stars: Billy Ray Cyrus as Buck Buckerson.Title Reference: It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World 18(11B)"Journey to the Center of Candace"February 29, 2008 (2008-02-29)111bThe boys build a shrinking submarine so they can go inside Isabella's pet chihuahua and retrieve a sash it ate, but they accidentally end up in Candace's stomach instead while she is on a date with Jeremy. Meanwhile, Perry tries to stop Doofenshmirtz's plans to destroy anyone who can't make up their mind with his newest invention, realizing that it may destroy Phineas and Ferb.Title Reference: A Journey to the Center of the Earth 19(7a and 7b)"It's About Time!"March 1, 2008 (2008-03-01)107Phineas and Ferb decide to repair a time machine at a natural history museum, sending themselves and Candace to the Jurassic Age. Meanwhile, Dr. Doofenshmirtz replaces Perry the Platypus as his nemesis with a secret agent panda, causing Perry to become depressed.Note: This episode aired on February 29, 2008 on Disney Channel Poland. 20(14a and b)"Dude, We're Getting the Band Back Together"March 8, 2008 (2008-03-08)114The boys locate their parents' favorite band, Love Handel, to perform a reunion concert in the backyard to make up for their Dad forgetting his wedding anniversary. Meanwhile, Doofenshmirtz plans a surprise birthday party for his daughter, Vanessa, also planning to launch Perry the Platypus on a giant firecracker as the grand finale. 21(6B)"Tree to Get Ready"March 22, 2008 (2008-03-22)106BThe boys build tree-houses for themselves and Candace; Dr. Doofenshmirtz plans to use brainwashed pigeons to destroy a celebration in honor of his brother.Title Reference: Three to Get Ready 22(13B)"The Ballad of Badbeard"April 12, 2008 (2008-04-12)113bThe boys set out on a high-seas adventure after learning from their grandpa about a mysterious pirate, Badbeard; Candace spies Perry and Dr. Doofenshmirtz up to their old tricks after getting infected by a psychedelic moss. 23(17A)"Greece Lightning"April 19, 2008 (2008-04-19)117aThe boys stage a chariot race through Danville's streets after learning about ancient Greece; Perry finds his latest enemy to be man—not Doofenshmirtz, but one of his creations: a giant robotic mild-mannered businessman named Norm. 24(17B)"Leave the Busting to Us!"April 19, 2008 (2008-04-19)117bCandace uses a reality show to secretly film her brothers designing a white-water rafting ride; Doofenshmirtz tries to create a new ice age via weather pellets. 25 (11A)"Mom's Birthday"May 10, 2008 (2008-05-10)111aCandace plans a special birthday party for Mom, and even a song, but Phineas and Ferb are always getting in the way of what she planned. Later in the show, though, they let Candace take the best part of all at Mom's party. Doofenshmirtz creates a shrinking machine that will make whatever he hates (pelicans, instruments that start with the letter 'B', blinking traffic arrows, etc.) shrink to the size of an atom. 26(18A)"Crack That Whip"May 24, 2008 (2008-05-24)118aThe boys build a roller-derby rink for their grandma, who once was on a championship derby team, so she can skate against her onetime rival, Jeremy's grandma; Doofenshmirtz believes a statue of a bearded Rutherford B. Hayes is mocking him because he can't grow facial hair. 27(18B)"The Best Lazy Day Ever"May 24, 2008 (2008-05-24)118bThe boys decide to spend the day doing absolutely nothing, but Candace doesn't believe them and ends up constructing something of her own to try to bust them. Meanwhile, after being considered one of the ugliest people in the region, Doofenshmirtz plans to use an "Uglyinator" to make everyone uglier than him so he'd be the most handsome person in the area. 28(19A)"Boyfriend from 27,000 B.C."June 7, 2008 (2008-06-07)119aPhineas and Ferb revive a caveman from a glacier, but the caveman gets loose into a costume party Candace is attending, who thinks the caveman is Jeremy. Meanwhile, Dr. Doofenshmirtz plans to destroy all people dressed as sandwiches. 29(19B)"Voyage to the Bottom of Buford"June 7, 2008 (2008-06-07)119bWhen Buford's goldfish, Biff, goes missing, the boys help him find it. Meanwhile, Dr. Doofenshmirtz tries to re-gain his evil reputation after accidentally saving a kitten who fell from a tree.Title Reference: Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea 30(10A)"A Hard Day's Knight"June 14, 2008 (2008-06-14)110aPhineas, Ferb and Candace visit their grandparents in England and the boys create a renaissance fair, where Candace ends up in a jousting tournament. Meanwhile, Perry goes undercover at an evil scientists' convention to track down Dr. Doofenshmirtz. 31(21A)"Traffic Cam Caper"July 12, 2008 (2008-07-12)121aCandace acquires footage from a traffic camera showing proof of her brothers' antics. But Perry, using Dr. Doofenshmirtz's robot Norm, steals it for himself so it can be destroyed since it contains evidence he is a secret agent. 32(21A)"Bowl-R-Rama-Drama"July 12, 2008 (2008-07-12)121bThe boys build the world's largest bowling ball and pins to try to beat the world record and get into "The World's Most Pointless Records", but after Candace accidentally disables an internal gyroscope, she loses control and rolls around through downtown Danville. Meanwhile, Doofenshmirtz tries to use giant penguins to freeze Danville so he can sell hot chocolate for a million dollars a cup. 33(25A)"Got Game?"August 2, 2008 (2008-08-02)125aPhineas and Ferb create a sports competition that pits boys against girls to see which are the better athletes due to Isabella and Buford arguing about who was beter. Doofenshmirtz tries to win a dog show. 34(25B)"Comet Kermilian"August 2, 2008 (2008-08-02)125bPhineas and Ferb build an observatory and plan to etch their faces in a comet; Candace is physically tormented by Jeremy's sister Suzy while on an outing with him; Doofenshmirtz buys all the steaks in the city so he can mass-market glasses made from them. 35(20A)"Put That Putter Away"August 10, 2008 (2008-08-10)120aWhen the town's only miniature golf course is closed, Phineas and Ferb build a giant miniature golf course. Candace gets sick so Stacey decides to bust the boys. Meanwhile, Doofenshmirtz moves into a house on the same street as the Flynn-Fletcher house. 36(20B)"Does This Duckbill Make Me Look Fat?"August 10, 2008 (2008-08-10)120bAfter watching an old sci-fi film, Phineas and Ferb decide to build a molecular transporter, which switches the minds of Perry and Candace into each other's body after they accidentally go in together. However, Candace is forced to spent most of the day as a platypus as Perry (in Candace's body) goes on a mission to foil Doofenshmirtz's newest scheme; to replace the Mr. Slushy Burger jingle in the statues of mascot "Slushy the Clown" with his own evil jingles. 37(15A)"Ready for the Bettys"September 12, 2008 (2008-09-12)115aCandace and her friend, Stacy travel on a tour bus with the Bettys, but later realize they're only being used as servants. Meanwhile, the boys accidentally discover Perry's lair and are sent onto a mission intended for him.Note: This episode was known as "Secret Agent" and ran on February 16, 2008. 38(15B)"The Flying Fishmonger"September 12, 2008 (2008-09-12)[1]115bThe boys help Ferb's grandfather live his life long dream--to jump a gorge in his motorcycle, the Holy Mackerel. Doofenshmirtz tries to kick sand all over his bully's house. 39(9a and b)"One Good Scare Ought to Do It!"October 3, 2008 (2008-10-03)109Isabella has the hiccups and Phineas and Ferb build a haunted house to scare them away. Candace goes over to Jeremy's house, but is interrupted by his little, criminally-insane sister Suzy. Dr. Doofenshmirtz tries to help his mentor by destroying his lab. 40(22A)"The Monster of Phineas-n-Ferbenstein"October 17, 2008 (2008-10-17)122aThe boys learn about one of Ferb's Victorian ancestors, Ferbgor and Dr. Phineastein, who once created a giant platypus monster for a "Monster Ball". Meanwhile while locked in his lab, Doofenshmirtz tells Perry a loosely connected story about his ancestor Dr. Jekyll Doofenshmirtz, and his failed attempts to make a potion that could turn himself into a monster.[2] 41(22B)"Oil on Candace"October 17, 2008 (2008-10-17)122bPhineas and Ferb help their friend Django display his artwork; Doofenshmirtz tries to impress his former Evil Science professor. 42(26A)"Out of Toon"November 7, 2008 (2008-11-07)126aPhineas and Ferb create a superhero cartoon with exaggerated versions of themselves and their friends, while Dr. Doofenshmirtz creates a ray gun that makes people dance.Note: This episode aired a day before its actual airing date in the UK as part of the new episodes of Phineas and Ferb along with "Hail Doofania!". 43(26B)"Hail Doofania!"November 7, 2008 (2008-11-07)126bIn an unusuall role-reversal plot, Dr. Doofenshmirtz builds his own country on a giant inner tube and Vanessa tries to bust him. Meanwhile Phineas and Ferb create a rainbow just for Isabella. Candace and Vanessa accidentally switch clothes at the dry cleaners.Note: This episode aired a day before its actual airdate in the UK as part of the new episodes of Phineas and Ferb along with Out Of Toon. 44 (24a and b)"Out to Launch"December 5, 2008 (2008-12-05)124Lawrence buys a star for both Phineas and Ferb and Candace online, leading the boys to build a rocket to visit it. Meanwhile, Dr. Doofenshmirtz uses a space station robot to perform a shadow puppet show on the Moon to get back at a former classmate — who himself was a poor puppeteer with "huge hands", but still won over a girl who had been interested in Doofenshmirtz.Note: The episode aired in Australia as the unaired episode from Spot The Diff. [edit] Episodes Delayed from Season 1 to Season 2Series/Episode #Episode TitleDisney Channel PremiereDisney XD PremiereProduction Code45 (16a and b)"Phineas and Ferb Get Busted"March 13, 2009 (2009-03-13)February 16, 2009116Within a dream of Perry, Candace sees a dream that she finally busts Phineas and Ferb, leading them to be sent to a militaristic reform school. When Candace realizes what they're doing to her brothers, she teams up with Jeremy to help set them free. 46 (23A)"Unfair Science Fair"March 20, 2009 (2009-03-20)February 17, 2009123aWhen Baljeet enters the science fair with a design for a portal to Mars, Phineas and Ferb help him build it to scale so he can get his all important grade. Meanwhile, Dr. Doofenshmirtz tries to win first prize at the fair with a baking soda volcano, and Candace competes with a girl for a job at Mr. Slushy Dawg. 47 (23B)"Unfair Science Fair Redux (Another Story)"March 20, 2009 (2009-03-20)February 18, 2009123bPhineas and Ferb try to rescue Candace from Mars, who thinks that nobody, not even her friends want to talk to her. Meanhwile, Perry helps Dr. Doofenshmirtz shop for supplies for his baking soda volcano that he believes will make him win the science fair. [edit] Season 2: 2009–2010Starting on February 19, 2009, almost all the episodes began to premiere on Disney XD, with Disney Channel airing the new episodes some time afterward.Series/Episode #Episode TitleDisney Channel PremiereDisney XD PremiereProduction Code48 (1a and b)"The Lake Nose Monster"March 27, 2009 (2009-03-27)February 19, 2009201Phineas and Ferb investigate the myth of the legendary "Lake Nose Monster", an inhabitant of Lake Nose. Meanwhile, Doofenshmirtz uses a machine to filter all of the zinc out of the water of the lake, even though he experiences trouble thinking of an evil scheme that could involve zinc.Title Reference: The Loch Ness MonsterNote: This is a full-length episode. 50 (2a)"Interview with a Platypus"May 7, 2009 (2009-05-07)February 20, 2009202aPhineas and Ferb build a translator to see if Perry's chattering noises actually mean anything, but discover it can work on other animals too. Meanwhile, Doofenshmirtz tries to flood the Tri-State Area so he can make it just like Venice, and to force everyone to buy his new Buoyancy Operated Aquatic Transport, or BO-AT for short.Title Reference: Interview with the Vampire 49 (2b)"Tip of the Day"May 7, 2009 (2009-05-07)February 20, 2009202bPhineas and Ferb learn what the word "aglet" means and try to spread awareness of this to the world, while Candace uses the campaign as an opportunity to become famous. Meanwhile, Doofenshmirtz tries to get an embarrassing video of himself skating into a toilet off the internet by erasing the world's memory of its existence.Note: This episode originally ran on January 23, 2009, on Toon Disney. 51 (3a)"Attack of the 50 Foot Sister"May 1, 2009 (2009-05-01)February 21, 2009203aCandace drinks a growth elixir Phineas and Ferb created to become tall enough to audition for a modeling career at a local festival, but becomes extremely large as a result. Meanwhile, Doofenshmirtz plots to cover the festival with the smell of dirty diapers.Title Reference: Attack of the 50 Foot Woman 52(3b)"Backyard Aquarium"May 1, 2009 (2009-05-01)February 21, 2009203bPhineas and Ferb build a giant aquarium in their backyard for their new goldfish. Meanwhile, Candace awaits a phone call from her boyfriend Jeremy, and Doofenshmirtz plots to disrupt the hot dog vendors of Danville so he can force them to sell bratwurst. 53 (4a)"Day of The Living Gelatin"May 15, 2009 (2009-05-15)February 28, 2009204aThe boys are inspired to make gelatin in their pool after Candace tells them to do something with their dessert. But, when Dr. Doofenshmirtz demonstrates his newest invention, the "Turn Everything Evil-inator", it literally brings the gelatin to life.Title Reference: Night of the Living Dead and Day of the Dead 54 (4b)"Elementary, My Dear Stacy"May 15, 2009 (2009-05-15)February 28, 2009204bThe family and Stacy visit London, where Stacy and Candace investigate the boys' newest scheme in the style of Sherlock Holmes. Meanwhile, Perry collaborates with a James Bond-esque British spy, Double 0-0 or 00 0, to foil Dr. Doofenshmirtz's plan to move Big Ben to Danville as an alternative to reading his tiny watch.Title Reference: The quote "Elementary, My Dear Watson". 55 (5a)"Don't Even Blink"May 29, 2009 (2009-05-29)April 4, 2009205aCandace tries to figure out where all of Phineas and Ferb's always creations go. Meanwhile, Doofenshmirtz experiments with a ray that can make things invisible. 56 (5b)"Chez Platypus"May 29, 2009 (2009-05-29)April 4, 2009205bPhineas and Ferb open a platypus themed restaurant in their backyard, which quickly becomes the trendiest restaurant in town. Meanwhile, Doofenshmirtz goes on a date at the restaurant with a woman also interested in evil, but threatens to use a satellite to eliminate all love in the Tri-State Area if it doesn't go well. The date goes well and before they can kiss the love satellite crashes and changes her feeling towards him,making her dump him.Title Reference: Chez Panisse 57 (6a)"Perry Lays an Egg"May 22, 2009 (2009-05-22)April 11, 2009206aWhen Phineas and Ferb find an egg, they believe it belongs to Perry, so they build a mechanical contraption to care for it. When Candace sees what her brothers are doing, her maternal instincts emerge. Meanwhile, Doofenshmirtz plots revenge on whales who told his girlfriend to dump him by means of a whale translation device he created.Title Reference: The Emperor Lays an Egg 58 (6b)"Gaming the System"May 22, 2009 (2009-05-22)April 11, 2009206bPhineas and Ferb create their own video game and program themselves into it. When Candace is accidentally zapped into the game, Phineas and Ferb have to bring her back in time for her cotillion. Meanwhile, Doofenshmirtz creates a device that can put ball gowns onto people to make them girlier (which would make him manlier by comparison) 59 (7a and b)"The Chronicles of Meap"June 19, 2009 (2009-06-19)April 18, 2009207When the boys accidentally knock a spacecraft out of the air with a remote-controlled baseball, Candace discovers an alien named Meap, who she initially believes is a plush toy that had been "robotized" by her brothers. But when Phineas, Ferb and Isabella are captured by Mitch, a rogue alien bounty hunter trying to capture the "cute" creature, Candace and Meap are forced to help rescue them. Meanwhile, when Dr. Doofenshmirtz tries to retrieve a balloon he had treated as a friend in his childhood using static electricity, he and Perry are launched into the crossfire of the battle with Mitch.Guest stars: David Mitchell as MitchTitle Reference: The Chronicles of NarniaNote: This episode marks the last television appearance of Don LaFontaine in which he parodied himself.Note: This is a full-length episode. 60 (8a)"Thaddeus and Thor"July 3, 2009 (2009-07-03)June 15, 2009208aWhen Candace meets Mandy, the sister of a pair of brothers who also like to build ambitious projects, the two ultimately force their brothers to compete in building forts. Meanwhile at a family reunion,chaussure dunk, Dr. Doofenshmirtz tries to win a game of kickball with a robotic kicking leg. 61 (8b)"De Plane! De Plane!"July 3, 2009 (2009-07-03)June 15, 2009208bPhineas and Ferb build a passenger plane out of papier-maché to rival the famous Spruce Goose. Meanwhile, Candace and Stacy visit a pool party at Jeremy's house, and Doofenshmirtz builds an evaporation machine out of recycled materials. 62 (9a)"Let's Take a Quiz"July 10, 2009 (2009-07-10)June 22, 2009209aWhen Candace learns Jeremy is going to appear in a television commercial, she decides to compete against Buford in a game show Phineas and Ferb are producing. Meanwhile, Doofenshmirtz plots to melt local television station towers to curb an addiction to ordering products from infomercials. 63 (9b)"At the Car Wash"July 10, 2009 (2009-07-10)June 22, 2009209bPhineas and Ferb help Isabella and the Fireside Girls meet their fundraising goals by building the world’s most elaborate automatic car wash; Doofenshmirtz tries to literally make mountains out of molehills. 64 (10a)"Oh, There You Are, Perry"July 24, 2009 (2009-07-24)July 11, 2009210aWhen Perry is re-assigned to a new villain after Dr. Doofenshmirtz is downgraded to a low-level threat, the boys believe Perry has gone missing and try to get him back. Meanwhile, after learning of the downgrade, Dr. Doofenshmirtz tries to use an internship with the new villain to help Perry defeat him. Candace blames herself for Perry's disappearance because she kicked him out of the house after tripping on him. 65 (10b)"Swiss Family Phineas"July 24, 2009 (2009-07-24)July 11, 2009210bAfter becoming marooned on an island after a storm, Phineas and Ferb build an elaborate island tree house as a shelter. Meanwhile in a inactive volcano on the island, Dr. Doofenshmirtz enslaves monkeys to help him start a laundry cleaning business so he can eventually replace all the laundromats in the Tri-State Area with a franchise of "Evilology" institutes.Title Reference: Swiss Family Robinson 66 (13a)"Hide and Seek"July 31, 2009 (2009-07-31)July 18, 2009213aCandace tries to bust her brothers when, to play a game of indoor hide and seek, Phineas and Ferb shrink down their friends including their new extreme fan, Irving. Meanwhile, Dr. Doofenshmirtz attaches a nanobot to Perry in an attempt to discover where he lives. 67 (13b)"That Sinking Feeling"July 31, 2009 (2009-07-31)July 18, 2009213bBaljeet wants to impress his childhood friend from India, so he enlists Phineas and Ferb to help woo her. However, none of their over-the-top romantic gestures impress her, as she likes Baljeet for who he really is. Meanwhile, Perry must stop the sleep deprived Dr. Doofenshmirtz from moving the Danville Lighthouse to the other side of town so that he isn't bothered by all the ships. 68 (14a)"The Baljeatles"August 7, 2009 (2009-08-07)July 25, 2009214aBaljeet enlists the help of Phineas and Ferb to create a song to perform at a summer camp concert, Candace sets Stacy up with Coltrane, Doofenshmirtz plots to create an army of babies by broadcasting his heartbeat across the city on a speaker.Title Reference: The Beatles 69 (14b)"Vanessassary Roughness"August 7, 2009 (2009-08-07)July 25, 2009214bDr. Doofenshmirtz gives his daughter Vanessa an assignment to retrieve a container at a mall containing a rare element for him to prove she is responsible enough to have her own car (and so Doofenshmirtz can experiment with it), but Perry (who is trying to get it away from Dr. Doofenshmirtz), Baljeet (who wants to use it in a science project), and Candace (who thinks the item is a lantern she can give to Jeremy) are also trying to get the capsule. Meanwhile, Phineas is relaxing in a massage chair and Ferb is helping Vanessa retrieve the container.Title Reference: Necessary Roughness, both sharing the root of "use of necessary force." 70 (15a)"No More Bunny Business"August 14, 2009 (2009-08-14)August 1, 2009215aCandace finds a rabbit outside her house and decides to take it in as a pet. However, the rabbit is actually a rogue agent named Dennis, who Perry is trying to prevent from hacking into the Agency's mainframe. Meanwhile, Phineas and Ferb develop actual X-ray glasses after being ripped off by a novelty variety, and due to Perry's absence, Dr. Doofenshmirtz appoints a potted plant as his nemesis.Title Reference: The phrase "No more funny business". 71 (15b)"Spa Day"August 14, 2009 (2009-08-14)August 1, 2009215bCandace and Stacy become sidetracked from a scheduled spa appointment after going to a volunteer house building project simply because Jeremy was there, so the two get their service from a spa built by Phineas and Ferb. Meanwhile, a stray cat Dr. Doofenshmirtz takes in as a pet causes chaos at his lab. 72 (12a and b)"Phineas and Ferb's Quantum Boogaloo"September 25, 2009 (2009-09-25)September 21, 2009212After encountering them in the future, an older version of Candace decides to steal Phineas and Ferb's time machine and go back in time to the day they built a rollercoaster so she can help the present Candace catch them in the act. But when her actions cause a chain reaction turning the future into a dystopian society led by Dr. Doofenshmirtz, the future Candace decides to enlist her present brothers to help restore the good future.Title Reference: Breakin' 2: Electric BoogalooNote: This is a full-length episode. 73 (11)"Phineas and Ferb's Musical Cliptastic Countdown"October 16, 2009 (2009-10-16)October 12, 2009211Major Monogram and Dr. Doofenshmirtz present a viewer-voted countdown of songs from season 1, while Doofenshmirtz himself plots to take over the world with a song that is scientifically engineered to permanently become stuck in the mind. 74 (16a)"Bubble Boys"October 30, 2009 (2009-10-30)October 17, 2009216aWhen Phineas and Ferb create the largest and most durable bubble ever, them, the Fireside Girls, Buford and Baljeet get trapped inside it flying around the city. Meanwhile, Candace practices driving, and Dr. Doofenshmirtz uses a voice-altering cowboy hat to help him spread propaganda through country music.Note: This episode premiered on Disney XD, in the UK, on October 3, 2009. 75 (16b)"Isabella and the Temple of Sap"October 30, 2009 (2009-10-30)October 17, 2009216bIsabella and her Fireside Girls troop try to retrieve a rare variety of tree sap for Phineas and Ferb's bubble project from an abandoned amusement park. Meanwhile, Pinky the Chihuahua's nemesis Professor Poofenplotz tries to steal a supply of her favorite, but discontinued hair spray.Title Reference: Indiana Jones and the Temple of DoomNote:' This episode is "flipped". Instead of seeing Phineas and Ferb work with Candace trying to bust them (which happened during the episode Bubble Boys), we see Isabella and the Fireside Girls try to retrieve the sap. Also, instead of seeing Perry trying to defeat Doofenshmirtz we see Agent Pinky (Isabella's dog) and Doofenshmirtz female counterpart Poofenplotz 76 (17a)"Cheer Up, Candace"November 13, 2009 (2009-11-13)October 24, 2009217aAfter feeling depressed when Jeremy cancels his date, Phineas and Ferb try to cheer Candace up. Meanwhile, Dr. Doofenshmirtz frames Perry the Platypus for a series of crimes by using clones of him.Note: This episode premiered on Disney XD, in the UK, on October 10, 2009. 77 (17b)"Fireside Girl Jamboree"November 13, 2009 (2009-11-13)October 24, 2009217bCandace tries to get 50 patches in one day to join the Fireside Girls so she can get tickets to see a Paisley Sideburn Brothers performance at their jamboree. Meanwhile Dr. Doofenshmirtz tries to halt Fireside Girls cupcake sales by using a device that can turn metal into broccoli.Note: This episode premiered on Disney XD, in the UK, on October 10, 2009. 78 (18a)"The Bully Code"November 27, 2009October 31, 2009218aBuford vows to become Baljeat's slave after he saves him from choking on a hot dog by eating four at once. Meanwhile, Candace tries to prevent Jeremy from seeing embarrassing photos she accidentally sent to his phone, and Dr. Doofenshmirtz tries to get back at an ice cream truck driver who drove his foot. 79 (18b)"Finding Mary McGuffin"November 27, 2009October 31, 2009218bWhen Lawrence accidentally sells Candace's Little Mary McGuffin doll to Dr. Doofenshmirtz as a gift for his daughter Vanessa, Phineas and Ferb try and investigate it like movie detectives. Meanwhile, Dr. Doofenshmirtz tries to retrieve an working on-off switch for his newest device. 80 (19a)"Picture This"December 4, 2009November 7, 2009219aWhen Phineas and Ferb create a teleporter that can retrieve objects from anywhere by scanning in photographs, Candace tries to expose it to Linda by teleporting her back from a Mexican-Jewish cultural festival. Meanwhile, Dr. Doofenshmirtz tries to rid the world of mimes by trapping them in actual invisible boxes. 81 (19b)"Nerdy Dancin′"December 4, 2009November 7, 2009219bUnsure of his own dancing skills when he agrees to with Candace on the popular television show "Let's All Dance Until We're Sick,air jordan pas cher," the boys develop an exoskeleton allowing Jeremy's movements to be controlled by Ferb. Meanwhile, Dr. Doofenshmirtz and his organization of other mad scientists try to get an evil message broadcast on the show.Title Reference: Dirty Dancing 82 (20a)"What Do It Do?"January 15, 2010November 14, 2009220aWhen one of Doofenshmirtz's inventions lands in their front yard, Phineas and Ferb try to figure out what it does. Meanwhile, Dr. Doofenshmirtz reminisces about a date he had with Linda Flynn. 83 (20b)"Atlantis"January 15, 2010November 14, 2009220bOn a trip to the beach, Phineas and Ferb discover the lost city of Atlantis,air max, Candace enters a sand castle building contest, and Dr. Doofenshmirtz tries to use a growth formula to turn plants evil. 84 (22a-c)"Phineas and Ferb Christmas Vacation"December 11, 2009December 6, 2009 (2009-12-06)222After Phineas, Ferb and their friends help decorate the city to celebrate the arrival of Santa Claus, Dr. Doofenshmirtz, after finally finding a reason to hate Christmas, uses his Naughty-inator to try and ruin the holiday for everyone. As a result, the boys and their friends try to help save Christmas for Danville.Title Reference: National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation 85 (24a)"Just Passing Through"February 12, 2010February 6, 2010224aWhen Phineas and Ferb create an orb that allows its user to pass through objects to help find Linda's guitar pick, Candace attempts to bust her brothers with it. Meanwhile, Dr. Doofenshmirtz tries to destroy a statue honoring his brother Roger. 86 (24b)"Candace's Big Day"February 12, 2010February 6, 2010224bWhen Phineas and Ferb offer to host Aunt Tiana and Uncle Bob’s wedding in the Flynn-Fletcher's backyard, Candace tries to prevent the boys from messing up the wedding and stealing attention away from her role as maid of honor. Meanwhile, Dr. Doofenshmirtz builds a device to turn all healthy foods in the city into junk food, believing that overweight people would be easier to enslave. 87 (21a)"I Was a Middle Aged Robot"February 26, 2010February 13, 2010221bLawrence's memory is accidentally erased by a gadget in Perry's lair before participating in a father-daughter race with Candace, so Perry operates a robot version of Lawrence to fill in for him. Meanwhile, Dr. Doofenshmirtz invents "Eulg," an opposite of glue which breaks stuff apart rather than joining it together.Title Reference: I Was a Teenage Werewolf. 88 (21b)"Suddenly Suzy"February 26, 2010February 13, 2010221aCandace and Suzy try to get Phineas and Ferb to bust themselves whilst they build a replica of Niagara Falls so they can ride a barrel over it. Meanwhile, Dr. Doofenshmirtz builds a giant foot out of carbon paper believing that it'll increase his carbon footprint.Title Reference: Suddenly Susan 89 (23a)"Undercover Carl"March 5, 2010February 13, 2010223aWhen the boys build an Anti-Gravity Fun Launcher, Carl accidentally discovers their plans on the internet and presumes they are working for Dr. Doofenshmirtz, so he is sent undercover to figure out what they are doing. Meanwhile, Doofenshmirtz intercepts the plans himself and attempts to find a use for it, and Perry is sent on a literal wild goose chase to retrieve a lost agent.Title Reference: Undercover Boss 90 (23b)"Hip Hip Parade"March 5, 2010February 13, 2010223bPhineas and Ferb decide to help build floats for all the neighborhood kids in the yearly "Tri-State Area Unification Day" parade, but a family grudge leads Buford and his family to try and wreak havoc on the parade. Meanwhile, Dr. Doofenshmirtz tries to create traffic jams with a duplication device.[3]Title Reference: The phrase "Hip Hip Hooray" 91 (25a)"Invasion of the Ferb Snatchers"April 16, 2010 [4]February 20, 2010225aAfter watching a sci-fi movie marathon, Candace becomes convinced that Ferb is an alien. Meanwhile, Dr. Doofenshmirtz plans to auction off an old invention,nike jordan, the Wrapped-Up-In-A-Nice-Little-Bow-Inator (which compresses objects into small wrapped boxes) by marketing it as a cleaning device. Note: This episode aired in the UK on Disney XD (UK & Ireland) in 15 April 2010.Title Reference: Invasion of the Body Snatchers 92 (25b)"Ain't No Kiddie Ride"April 16, 2010 [5]February 20, 2010225bWhen the boys trick out the kiddie rides at a store, Candace is sent across Danville on a rocket ride after trying to keep it from moving so she can bust them. Meanwhile, Dr. Doofenshmirtz tries to burn his name into the atmosphere to maintain his legacy. 93 (28a)"Not Phineas and Ferb"May 14, 2010February 27, 2010228aIrving’s brother Albert doesn’t believe that Phineas and Ferb are anything special, and since he claims to be the “Truth Detector,” he can prove it. Desperate to prove Albert wrong, Irving convinces Baljeet and Buford to pose as Phineas and Ferb beside a giant hologram of the boys’ Eiffel Tower construction. Meanwhile, Dr. Doofenshmirtz is fed up with the quality of accessories for his model train set, and decides to shrink down a variety of national monuments to add to his collection. 94 (28b)"Phineas and Ferb-Busters"May 14, 2010February 27, 2010228bCandace, Stacy, and Jenny team up to try and bust Phineas and Ferb together, while Phineas and Ferb build giant mechanical spinning tops. Meanwhile, Dr. Doofenshmirtz enlists a new robot to replace Norm, but a power surge from Phineas and Ferb's power source causes it to glitch and turn against him.Title Reference: Ghostbusters 95 (29a)"The Lizard Whisperer"June 11, 2010March 6, 2010229aPhineas and Ferb discover a chameleon that they decide to keep as a pet, but when it grows to a gigantic size due to the effects of one of Doofenshmirtz's inventions, Phineas, Ferb, and Isabella try to get him back, although his camouflage makes him hard to spot. Meanwhile, Doofenshmirtz learns a song from Jeremy so he can use it to summon an alien army with his Every-Directional-Amplifinator Gigantinator.Title Reference: The Dog Whisperer 96 (29b)"Robot Rodeo"June 11, 2010March 6, 2010229bPhineas and Ferb hold a rodeo in the backyard with robotic bulls so Isabella's Fireisde Girls can get a Rodeo Clown Patch, while Candace tries to keep focused, Dr. Doofenshmirtz competes against members of L.O.V.E.M.U.F.F.I.N. and others in an Inator Creator competition. 97 (27a and b)"The Beak"March 12, 2010March 8, 2010227Phineas and Ferb take on a heroic alter-ego as "The Beak" when unexpectedly becoming superheroes with an indestructible suit they built for an extreme skate track. But, when the villain Khaka Peü Peü discovers them, he tries to terrorize the city, and only The Beak can stop him. Meanwhile, Dr. Doofenshmirtz is temporarily given the mayoral post by his brother Roger to prevent him from being blamed for Khaka Peü Peü's presence.Guest stars: Ben Stiller as Khaka Peü Peü and Christine Taylor as Khaka Peü Peü's nagging wife.Note: This is a full-length episode. 98 (31a)"She's The Mayor"July 30,mercurial pas cher, 2010June 14, 2010231aCandace is awarded the opportunity to be mayor for the day, so she create laws that can bust her brothers. Back at home, Phineas and Ferb build an authentic log cabin and pioneer village. Meanwhile, Dr. Doofenshmirtz is scheduled to play golf with his brother Roger but isn't happy about it.Title Reference: She's the Sheriff 99 (31b)"The Lemonade Stand"July 30, 2010June 14, 2010231bPhineas and Ferb build the ultimate lemonade stand and begin to offer franchise opportunities. Meanwhile, Candace and Stacy’s relationship is put to the test when Candace feels she must pick between their friendship and busting her brothers, while Dr. Doofenshmirtz creates a “Paper-Cut-Inator” so that he can make millions selling band-aids. 100 (34a and b)"Phineas and Ferb Hawaiian Vacation"July 9, 2010July 12, 2010234The Flynn-Fletcher Family go on a vacation to Hawaii. While they were there, Phineas and Ferb make living sea creatures and Candace find a lava necklace of bad luck. Meanwhile, Doofenshmirtz creates a De-Evolution-inator and Perry and him get stranded on a island.Guest stars: Laird Hamilton as himself and reporter Allie Mac Kay (Los Angeles' KTLA Morning News) as a yoga instructor. Phill Lewis as Hawiian Hotel ManagerTitle Reference: National Lampoon's VacationNote: This is a full-length episode. 101 (32a-d)"Phineas and Ferb: Summer Belongs To You"August 6, 2010August 2, 2010232Phineas and Ferb and their friends travel around the world. However, for once, not everybody believes they can achieve what they set out to do. Also, Candace and Jeremy's relationship will be further explored.NOTE: This is a 1-hour special and will feature the most songs of any Phineas and Ferb episodes, including a duet by Chaka Khan and Clay Aiken 102 (33a and b)"Nerds of a Feather"August 27, 2010August 16, 2010233Phineas and Ferb head to the Tri-State area’s annual sci-fi/comic book convention to meet their hero, special effects guru Clive Addison. Their plan gets sidetracked when they’re swept into a duel between fantasy fans and sci-fi geeks. Meanwhile, Candace tries to keep secret that she’s a fan of Ducky Mo-Mo, another convention staple. Across the convention hall, Dr. Doofenshmirtz has taken television executive Jeff McGarland hostage so he can pitch him a show he’s developed, Doof ‘N’ Puss.Guest Staring: Kevin Smith and Seth MacFarlaneTitle Reference: The phrase "Birds of a Feather".Note: This is a full-length episode. TBA (26a and b)"Wizard of Odd"TBATBA226Mom says that Phineas and Ferb have to clean the house and she asks Candace to help, but she refused and instead read the book Mom gave her: The Wizard of Oz. Phineas and Ferb have to spin the house and spray it with a hose, but they spin the house too fast and accidentally knock Candace out, sending her into a Wizard of Oz-esque dream world. At first she finds Perry lying on her and finds out her house has landed in the other world. She journeys to "Bustopolis" to bust her brothers, but soon discovers that evil forces are attempting to get the boots that have grown on her feet.Note: This episode aired on April 9, 2010 in Disney Channel Australia. A Wizard of Oz parody. Also called "The Wizard of Odd".Title Reference: The Wizard of OzNote: This is a full-length episode. TBA (30a)"The Secret of Success"TBATBA230aPhineas and Ferb build an all-terrain vehicle and travel on several surfaces. Doof holds a evil marathon. Meanwhile Baljeet, Stacy and Candace are at a convention.Note: This episode premiered in Germany on June 4, 2010 on Disney XD. TBA (30b)"The Doof Side of The Moon"TBATBA230bTitle Reference: The Dark Side of the Moon [edit] Season 3: 2010-2011Disney has confirmed a third season of Phineas and Ferb for the 2010-2011 season, including a full length made-for-TV movie intended to air in June 2011.[6][edit] References^ "September 2008 premiere info for DC and TD/Jetix (month complete)". Disney Animation. 08-05-2008. http://forums.toonzone.net/showthread.php?t=214727/. Retrieved 2009-08-12. ^ "TV Guide: Phineas and Ferb on Disney". TV Guide. http://www.tvguide.com/detail/tv-show.aspx?tvobjectid=289680&more=ucepisodelist&episodeid=8464926. Retrieved 2009-08-12. ^ "Phineas and Ferb + Kick Buttowski new episodes (I Was a Middle Aged Robot through Hip Hip Parade)" (Microsoft Word). January 19, 2010. http://www.disneyxdmedianet.com/DNR/2010/doc/KBSD_premiere_011910.doc. Retrieved January 19, 2010. ^ http://tvlistings.zap2it.com/tv/phineas-and-ferb/EP00948847?aid=disn^ http://tvlistings.zap2it.com/tv/phineas-and-ferb/EP00948847?aid=disn^ "Disney 2010-2011 Lineup". TV by the Numbers. 03-03-2010. http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/03/03/disney-channel-disney-xd-present-programming-plans-for-2010-11/43759. Retrieved 2010-06-08. v ? d ? ePhineas and FerbCharactersPhineas Flynn ·  Ferb Fletcher ·  Perry the Platypus ·  Dr. Heinz DoofenshmirtzNotableEpisodesSeason 1"Rollercoaster" ·  "Lawn Gnome Beach Party of Terror" ·  "Are You My Mummy?" ·  "Flop Starz" ·  "Raging Bully" ·  "It's About Time!" ·  "Jerk De Soleil" ·  "Dude, We're Getting the Band Back Together" ·  "Phineas and Ferb Get Busted" ·  "The Monster of Phineas-n-Ferbenstein" ·  "Unfair Science Fair" ·Season 2"Phineas and Ferb's Musical Cliptastic Countdown" ·  "Phineas and Ferb's Quantum Boogaloo" ·  "The Beak"  · "Phineas and Ferb: Summer Belongs To You"Special"Phineas and Ferb Christmas Vacation"FilmsPhineas and Ferb: Across the Second DimensionCreatorsDan Povenmire ·  Jeff "Swampy" MarshMiscellaneousVideo game ·  Songs ·  SoundtrackRetrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Phineas_and_Ferb_episodes"Categories: Phineas and Ferb episodes | Lists of animated television series episodes | Lists of children's television series episodes | Lists of Disney Channel shows' episodesHidden categories: Articles needing additional references from October 2008 | All articles needing additional referencesPersonal toolsNew featuresLog in / create accountNamespacesArticleDiscussionVariantsViewsReadEditView historyActionsSearchNavigationMain pageContentsFeatured contentCurrent eventsRandom articleInteractionAbout WikipediaCommunity portalRecent changesContact WikipediaDonate to WikipediaHelpToolboxWhat links hereRelated changesUpload fileSpecial pagesPermanent linkCite this pagePrint/exportCreate a bookDownload as PDFPrintable versionLanguagesEspa?olMagyarNederlandsPolskiPortuguêsRoman?Sloven?inaTi?ng Vi?t This page was last modified on 16 July 2010 at 15:21.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;additional terms may apply.See Terms of Use for details.Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.Contact usPrivacy policyAbout WikipediaDisclaimers




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Eliel (producer) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedi

11:59, 1389/4/27 

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Eliel (producer) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Eliel (producer)From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation,searchThis biography of a living person does not cite any references or sources. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living people that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately. (August 2009)ElielAlso known asEl Que Habla Con Las Manos, DJ ElielBornJanuary 7, 1981 (1981-01-07) (age 29)OriginRío Grande, Puerto RicoGenresReggaetonYears active1997-presentLabelsVI MusicMachete MusicAssociated actsDon OmarEliel Lind Osorio (born on January 7, 1981 in Rio Grande, Puerto Rico), best known only as Eliel is a reggaeton producer that quickly ascended to the highest ranks of hitmaking not only because of his talent but also because of his partnership with Don Omar, one of the style's leading artists, critically as well as commercially.Contents1 Biography1.1 Music career1.2 Recent Events2 Discography3 References[edit] BiographyHe was raised by his grandparents that would later help him achieve his greatest dream, to be the best producer in the industry. He began as a musician in the 1st Baptist Church in Loiza, Puerto Rico as a percussionist. It is then that his mother makes him learn the piano since the church’s choir was missing a pianist. He already dominated the bongo, drums, and the congas. Although he was reluctant to learn the piano, it was thanks to this great instrument that he stood out among all other producers. Giving a unique and incomparable touch to his music is how Eliel consecrated himself as the best producer in the Reggaeton scene.[edit] Music careerAt the age of 15, his grandparents built in his room next to his bed and among his personal belongings a small recording studio, where he began recording Christian and even some political jingles. His work was going full steam ahead, and again his grandparents trusting their grandson’s talent was gaining seriousness they decide to give him the second story of their house. It is here where Eliel prepared a more elaborate recording studio where he began experimenting with Reggeaton. At 16, known as DJ Menor, he begins his work with the most successful rappers at the time: Baby Rasta y Gringo, Bebe, Hornyman y Pantyman, Charlie y Felito,mercurial pas cher, among others. Later on he is offered a professional contract and moves to Santurce, Puerto Rico, close by to all the record companies. It is here in the Santurce area, where he meets the then rookie artist, Don Omar, his now colleague and best friend. Immediately he signs a contract with the record company VI Music to record the voices of all of their artists. His made his first musical track for Daddy Yankee y Nicky Jam for the album “Las Gargolas”. Upon listening to it the singers did not believe it had been made by Eliel and thought it was a track taken out of a movie soundtrack. It is this special musical touch in his tracks in which he includes different rhythms and musical instruments that make his tracks something hard to believe. He has created more musical tracks that are the representation of the Reggeaton scene in Puerto Rico; these are “Donde estan las Gatas” in the voice of Daddy Yankee,nike dunk, “Salen Inquietas” by Magnate y Valentino, and “Dile” and “Vuelve” in the voice of Don Omar. In the year 2002 he worked on the albums “La Reconquista” of the former duo Hector y Tito, a compilation of various artists “Mas Flow 1”, and on “Don Omar: The Last Don (album).” With his success in the Reggeaton world, his colleagues tried to give him an artistic name, but the name Eliel was already established. It is because of his shy nature that he becomes known as “the one that speaks with his hands” and has been consecrated as the genius behind the music that is taking over. Eliel has produced hit songs and converted them into hits.for reggeaton stars such as Daddy Yankee, Don Omar, Hector “El Father”, Magnate y Valentino, amongst others. Eliel recently worked with Don Omar’s new recording production,basket jordan, “King of Kings (album)”, and in the production “Reggeaton Confessions” where exponents of different musical genres are uniting with Reggeaton.“There was a lot of ignoring going on when I knocked on people’s doors so they could listen to my work. But with a lot of patience and hard work I have accomplished all of my dreams.”[edit] Recent EventsEliel said he had been resigned to the Orfanato Music Group and had gone to WY Records but this was denied after a while, which means that Eliel can work with anyone.He signed with Pina Records . [1]'Eliel will Work Para “Meet The Orphans”One gives the most important and successful producers in the I generate urbano,air jordan pas cher,Dj Eliel producer he gives big successes like “Until Below” and “Hookah” it will be added to the list stars that he has gives prepared “Meet the Orphans.”The producer said that this working in several topics gives the production those which not yet have been said.Therewith he clears up the rumor he gives distancing between Don Omar and Eliel.We will have to wait until June that is the prospective date so that the album comes out but surely months before loosed some topics to see he gives that it is this great production.DJ Eliel signs with Pina RecordsRafael Pina, president gives the discográfica independent Pineapple Records he announced today (5 May.) that the grateful producer gives successes he gives the urban music DJ Eliel he unites to the dream team he gives the company to captain the productions he gives its artists. The incorporation gives the producing puertorriqu?o, to who is known as The one that speaks with the hands in allusion to its talent in the production he gives rhythms, he takes place after this received several offers and he decided to be part he gives the company leader he gives the urban market, to which will contribute its unquestionable musical vision. DJ Eliel is known in the musical industry by successes like Poor Diabla", Tell him", it Returns, Angelito Flies and Until Below he gives Don Omar, What Happened Happened and Cat Gangster gives Daddy Yankee, She and I give the group you Risks, Put him Season she gives Tego Cauldron, among others.[edit] Discography2004 El Que Habla Con Las Manos2005 Greatest Beats2008 Beat Collection[edit] References^ [1]Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliel_(producer)"Categories: Reggaeton record producers | Living people | 1981 birthsHidden categories: Unreferenced BLPs from August 2009 | All unreferenced BLPsPersonal toolsNew featuresLog in / create accountNamespacesArticleDiscussionVariantsViewsReadEditView historyActionsSearchNavigationMain pageContentsFeatured contentCurrent eventsRandom articleInteractionAbout WikipediaCommunity portalRecent changesContact WikipediaDonate to WikipediaHelpToolboxWhat links hereRelated changesUpload fileSpecial pagesPermanent linkCite this pagePrint/exportCreate a bookDownload as PDFPrintable versionLanguagesEspa?ol This page was last modified on 31 May 2010 at 18:29.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;additional terms may apply.See Terms of Use for details.Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.Contact usPrivacy policyAbout WikipediaDisclaimers




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Explore the world of stylish sports clothing_31

12:11, 1389/4/25 

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   Explore the world of stylish sports clothing


   The craze of the poker accessories came up with the very popular time-pass play called Poker Games. Nowadays this game has gained wide popularity and is mostly played by people who wish to spend huge amount of money in luxurious casinos. As of now, the online availability of this game has created huge demand of it  and its clothing as well where we tend to find so many accessories related to it, to name a few are Poker Shirts, Poker T-shirts,polo lacoste, Beanies, Caps and lots of other Poker clothing. 
Fashion is obviously linked with either sports or games and particularly talking about Poker clothing it would be a foolish act if we ignore its trend in the present day scenario.
The clothing makes a huge difference in reflecting one's personality. Today each and every individual caters to make their own presence felt by going for a brand that is extraordinary and equally good in quality. All the sports accessories are for the comforts and in style that meets the inconsistent satisfaction of the humans. The poker clothing comes up with one of the best products primarily because they are innovative, fashionable and stylish. Its not just the poker products are good but it has built its reputation over the years where the designers always keep the demand and the need constant. 
All the sports clothing are easily available in different exciting rainbow colour combination which is the real charm of sporty looks. It is obvious that if one wants to gear up with stylish sport clothing one has to bear the expenses as these items are really worth of it. However the prices may vary from shop to shop, so try hard to get it yourself in order to find the best pricing around. 
Poker clothing varieties are made out of finest garment and are easily available for both men and women that properly fit into the perfect shape and sizes as per the designed cuts. This is one of the prime reasons why everyone opts for the sports wear that it does not make any differences between the male and the female look.  
For men we can find the exciting series of sports brand to choose as per the comforts and colours. Be it t-shirts,Lacoste Polo, casual t-shirt,ralph lauren polo, boxers, shorts so on and so forth all can be easily available that sports' clothing has to offer to the big guys. 
The feminine vision has been carefully taken into account in order to bestow the natural beauty and also to match perfectly with the sports too. Hats,poloshirts besticken, shorties, thongs, t-shirts and innerwear are all equally lined up for women in breath taking colour combination
Make sure that children are not left apart as sports goodies suits best for the generation next sports kids. Poker wear for the kids includes t-shirts, oneises, hoodies, caps, heads- up hats etc to gear up for the move. 
All the stylish sports clothing can be seen as advancement to a new genre of fashion clothing of twenty-first century which will remain today,polo Ralph Lauren, tomorrow and also in the future.











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Make career in Strategic Market Research_1384

12:10, 1389/4/25 

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,polo lacoste









   Make career in Strategic Market Research

   Do you think that you would love a career in Strategic Market Research? The ideal candidate for a market research position is a person who possesses both qualitative and quantitative analytical ability, because the job depends on your ability to gather data from human subjects, crunch numbers,lacoste shop, and interpret the results accurately.

Market Research is a big task involves researching the planned target and that target can be individuals, group of individuals or companies or any industries. In order for a company to detain a market it must first be able to recognize and analyze the market. Research part involves the process of knowing the consumer, what their requirements are,lacoste polo shirts, what their buying habits are, and how they view themselves in relation to the rest of the globe.

To carry out perfect Strategic Market Research use questionnaires, surveys, focus groups, and reviewing studies. Doing this enables researchers to collect data on a specific brand’s target. Market research can be done in-house, or an organization may find and hire a specialized firm or freelancer to conduct the research.

Having a competitive advantage over other businesses target the same market as yours is a basic, survival must: many select to expand long term relationships with their customers, in an effort to create such competitive advantage. Knowing your consumers is essential,Polo Lacoste, and it is quite a different thing from knowing their buying actions.
 
It is every marketer's dream to have real, up-to-date information about customers: their preference, opinion, attitude, viewpoint, interests, education level,Polo Ralph Lauren, activities are the base of understanding their requirements.

Businesses repeatedly provide work for marketing research to determine the customers degree of getting of a new creation, and the reason behind this is the fact that introduction a new creation without a real demand would occupy much more costs than actual market research. In addition, a failed product launch is not only harmful for a business, finances but also its image and repute.

Make your career as market researchers because it has tons of opportunities, benefits. At last, making career in market research field is not a wrong choice.









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The Anatomy of an Entrepreneur_185

12:08, 1389/4/25 

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   The Anatomy of an Entrepreneur


   The Desire 
Must be a sense of compulsion. 
Sense of urgency - with a desperation quotient.

The Will 
An overriding higher calling

The Personality 
Getting along with people and ability to handle pressure

The Capacity 
To be able to think through and simplify complex problems. 
Spend money on your knowledge

The Vehicle 
Develop a money machine that can continue with you. To make money while you sleep - but is simple in expression

The Respect and Understanding of Money 
Money does not force - it seduces. If you cannot or will not save...The seed of success is not in you.

The Timing 
Every success and failure has a limited time frame

The Market 
Learn to sell - understand presentation and the law of attraction

The Limits 
Exit options - knowing when to stop and how much is enough.

Looking After Your Greatest Assets

Family first - create legal protective family trusts

Keep time aside especially for family - and be an example

Plan holidays with family

Get rest - beware of fatigue - because it will cause you to make bad decisions

Spend plenty of money on your brains - it is the only thing that can not be taken from you.

Build family financial reserves and a moral heritage

Avoid legal confrontations

Get solid insurance

Build a family creed on the basis of faith, discipline,ralph lauren polo, kindness and truth.

The Dream - The sense of grander toward life.

The Vision - The depth, capacity,ralph lauren soldes, measurable impact of the dream

The Commitment - The acceptance of pain as a cost towards a benefit.

The Goal - The dedication to think, plan,poloshirts damen, meditate and learn

The Mission - The purity, forbearance and fearlessness of character

The Destiny - The imperative to exchange a life for a moral cause that will endure.

Measuring Success

What do you mean - be exact.

How much do you want? - you need to save

How soon do you want it?

What are you prepared to trade for it?

You cannot do it on a salary alone.

You cannot do it without hard thinking and hard work

You cannot do it without risk

You cannot do it without a plan.

You cannot do it without a team

You cannot do it without ability and desperation to learn

You cannot do it without persuasion

You cannot do it without knowledge or awareness of current and future events

You cannot do it with fear.

The Laws of Success

Courage 
The more you insulate yourself from risk,polo shirt, the more you insulate yourself from success.

The Willingness To Bear Pain 
Success hurts at times - tiredness - pressure - criticism - failures - growth

Control 
Personal responsibility - you are responsible for you

Attention to Detail 
Day to day and moment by moment

Money Sense 
How to use leverage

Respect for Time 
You have all the time you are going to get

Goal Setting 
Write out and carry it with you always

Desperation or Ambition 
Measured by the way you go after your goal - if your life depended on it,lacoste polo shirts, how would you respond? Your life does depend on it.!!!

Follow through 
Thoroughness - habit force - count the cost

Discipline 
Self integrity produces self esteem - determination produces character

Study 
Because life is a continuous process of learning and change.

Perception 
Relating to the relatable and harmonizing with and benefiting from the normally unrelatable to produce new concepts or direction of thought and action.











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Tampa Real Estate – Foreclosure Properties_305

12:07, 1389/4/25 

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   Tampa Real Estate – Foreclosure Properties


   Most of the American cities increased foreclosure on real estate over the past years. And a lot of people see that mortgage mess is the major reason why homes go into foreclosure.
Foreclosure happens when people who bought their home for mortgages and cannot afford to pay the loan payment loss their home. Different state has different rules and guideline regarding on how bank can foreclose the property. 







Most of the people are facing this kind of problem. They are having financial difficulties to settle their monthly bills including mortgages. The bank usually publishes the foreclosure Tampa real estate property to the public. But there are some people who sell their rights on the property before the foreclosure. And with this, real estate agent helps to look for a prospective buyer. 




The real estate usually distribute brochure with other agent on open house mortgage in a discounted price given by the bank. These properties are listed in market value; if the agent cannot sell it the bank will offer a fair market value. This is usually the opportunity that most potential homebuyers are waiting for. You have to keep in mind that not all foreclosure are good deal,poloshirts damen, before buying a foreclosure  real estate make sure that all documents are alright and without any outstanding court problems. 











Before the actual date of foreclosure, the bank will informed the owner through notice of foreclosure to notify the owner. The owner must settle his mortgage obligations,polo Ralph Lauren, if not the bank has the right to resell the property at the court step to the highest bidder.  In most cases the bank can easily sell the Tampa real estate property,poloshirts besticken, but if not they will hire a Tampa real estate agent to sell the property to interested buyers. 

Allison Ayson

Tampa Real Estate





The bank takes back the property,ralph lauren soldes, if the owner cannot afford to pay the mortgages. Some states have short and straight forward process on foreclosure. There are two type of foreclosure the judicial and non-judicial. In non-judicial process, that back can take back the property,ralph lauren pas cher, if within 30 days you cannot pay the mortgage. The bank has the right to resell the house, if you cannot pay mortgages. Pay on time so that you will avoid this scenario. 

You have to check on the details first before you actually purchase the property. You must have to gain full understanding of all the process and documents that to go through.  With this you are assuring yourself that your Tampa real estate experience is worth of your time and effort. 


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Purchase Abercrombie & Fitch Buy Wholesale_

12:06, 1389/4/25 

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   Purchase Abercrombie & Fitch Buy Wholesale
,lacoste shop

   Expect a reasonable discount of at least 15% off the retail price when you deal with the dropship wholesale distributors. Obviously the hotter the item the more sales to be had. Finding Soap Supply Wholesaler is easy. Some items are priced way higher than your local department store while others are priced far below retail value. Better than getting things through a blind search you should direct your searches to special wholesale search engines Here you will find genuine iPod wholesale lists which you could use to increase the margin of your profit and advance your business to the position you would want a successful business to be. While your catalog can be in print or online it is crucial that is clear and informative,polo lacoste pas cher, and also see more on Buy Miracell Wholesale. You will be surprised at the extensive selection and competitive prices that you will find. A market can be defined as a set geographic area or as a type of market segment. 

If their answers are vague or not clear and if you sense that they are trying to hide something then go on to the next cellular phone distributor. Its medicinal uniforms scrubs nursing uniforms scrub tops lab coats hospital work wear medical scrubs surgical scrubs & hospital uniform are obtainable at cheap charge as well. Visit your nearest pet shop. Just remember the warranty seals in each of the items to ensure product quality. For instance ABC Electronics might not have the name recognition that Sharp enjoys but you can show customers that the quality is the same and as long as your prices are lower some customers should buy the wholesale electronics manufactured by ABC Electronics. By now the original 1000 plants that she bought at 50 cents each are large enough to dig and sell and they are worth $10. This is because you buy directly from the jeweler or from a wholesale jewelry salesperson. See more about Buy Miracell Wholesale

Stores buy them like crazy! I started selling lighters when I had my route in San Diego with about 600 stores. The difference being that while IBM will purchase paper supplies for its offices and Steve Smith will purchase orange juice to drink the customers of a wholesale and closeout business have a different purpose behind their buying decisions. It is likely that Wholesaler-A is actually purchasing the same products from another wholesaler; let us call them Wholesaler-B. In fact shoppers spent $30,polo Ralph Lauren, also more on Wholesale Nursery Boxes For Sale. But they are buried somewhere on the 23rd page because of all of the other "so called" wholesale distributors that are buying from the real ones and then marking up the price and pretending to be true wholesale distributors. He search through the Internet and found quite a handful of resources. This article will show you all the highlights of how you can start a wholesale distribution business selling refillable lighters to supermarkets and convenience stores. See more on Buy Miracell Wholesale and Wholesale Nursery Boxes For Sale.  Also do not miss out on Copper Sulfate Wholesale Distributors and Wholesale Sun Glasses Case. 

The middleman is the person (can also be a company) who stands between you and the company. It will be beneficial if you keep an eye on your inventory and keep track of what products move quickly and which move more slowly. Today just about everyone owns a pair of sunglasses You can get them just about anywhere and pay any type of price. It has a loud high-performance speaker When you're looking at wholesale mobile phone or a brand name phone many of the same issues come into play for multimedia phones. More details on Soap Supply Wholesaler and Buy Miracell Wholesale. Have a favorite web site or shopping site? Just bookmark it and add it to your collection of favorites! Convenience- Ever wait in long lines during the holiday season? What a time saver online shopping has become! No lines to wait in no parking hassles no traffic no gas expense no crowds and your merchandise can be shipped right to your door! Or if you prefer you can have your purchases gift wrapped and delivered to another address. Compare to its top competitors BJ's focuses mainly on their individual retail consumers, with cheap Copper Sulfate Wholesale Distributors,Polo Ralph Lauren, and Wholesale Nursery Boxes For Sale.  See www. See more on: Wholesale Sources US

There are many types of flags and banners that you can use in order to advertise your products and services some of them are: Digital flags: this can have a customized picture printed on them such as your business logo or any other graphic you may want to associate with your business. Better than getting things through a blind search you should direct your searches to special wholesale search engines Here you will find genuine iPod wholesale lists which you could use to increase the margin of your profit and advance your business to the position you would want a successful business to be. Expenses are a highly important point when it comes counting a specific budget for month to month investment for your business the needed expenses that your habit undergoes must be re-checked and therefore unnecessary ones put in check. The author's name bio and website links must remain intact and be included with every reproduction. With counterfeit appliance parts you not only lose quality in your service but also lose customers. Also see Copper Sulfate Wholesale Distributors,Lacoste Polo, and get more info on Buy Miracell Wholesale. Presently I have wholesale distributors listed for books clothing lingerie swimwear dropshippers electronics computers closeouts gift handbags purses jewelry leather jackets 14k gold music CD DVD novelties perfume sporting goods shoes toys tools and watches. Don't be afraid to ask the wholesale supplier any questions regarding their products and their delivery options.











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Know more about garden bridges_1635

12:05, 1389/4/25 

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   Know more about garden bridges


   Know more about garden bridges

Just because you do not have huge, elaborate gardens does not mean you cannot accentuate what you do have with l garden bridges. Garden bridges could be just what you need to turn those mediocre garden areas into something quite splendid. 

Garden bridges can add a touch of country or formal design to a garden. Small garden bridges are easy to find. There are many garden bridges that you can find in garden centers or home improvement centers. One of the best places to find small garden bridges may be online. There are lots of sites that have many ideas for small garden bridges. 

If you are good with a hammer and nails you may even be able to make your own garden bridge. Plans are available at building stores and at online sites. You will find many choices for garden bridges at these online sites and you can also see photos of many different bridge styles. 

A garden bridge can be a big benefit for your garden space. A small garden bridge will look attractive in a smaller garden and draw attention to a specific area. 

You can choose the right small garden bridge if you do a little planning ahead of time. If you have a smaller garden you will want a smaller garden bridge. Look at the space you have and decide where a bridge would fit in. Consider more than one area and then choose your favorite. 

There are some lovely gardens that are small in size but large in beauty because garden bridges have been added in just the right places.
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jimmy choo schuhe
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2005–06 NCAA football bowl games - Wikipedia, the
Electro-optical MASINT - Wikipedia, the free encyc
Waiting for Godot - Wikipedia, the free encycloped
History of the HC Lugano - Wikipedia, the free enc
List of The Real Hustle episodes - Wikipedia, the





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